Nifuroxazide suppresses PD-L1 expression and enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radiation therapy is a primary treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its effectiveness can be diminished by various factors. The over-expression of PD-L1 has been identified as a critical reason for radiotherapy resistance. Previous studies have demonstrated that nifuroxazide exerts antitumor activity by damaging the Stat3 pathway, but its efficacy against PD-L1 has remained unclear.

Quantitative characterization of resident' exposure to typical semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) around a non-ferrous metal smelting plant.

To comprehensively characterize residents' exposure to major semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), samples of indoor floor wipes, size-segregated airborne particles, gaseous air, food, and paired skin wipes were simultaneously collected from residential areas around a large non-ferrous metal smelting plant as compared with the control areas, and three typical SVOCs (including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and halogenated PAHs (HPAHs)) were determined. Comparison and correlation analysis among matrices indicated PAHs were the major contaminants emitted from metal smelting activities compared to HPAHs and PCBs, with naphthalene verified as the most important characteristic compound, and their accumulation on skin may be a comprehensive consequence of contact with floor dust and air. While patterns of human exposure pathways for the SVOCs were found to be clearly correlated to their vapor pressure, dermal absorption was the major contributor (51.

Global patterns of human exposure to flame retardants indoors.

To fill the knowledge gaps regarding the global patterns of human exposure to flame retardants (FRs) (i.e., brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs)), data on the levels and distributions of FRs in external and internal exposure mediums, including indoor dust, indoor air, skin wipe, serum and urine, were summarized and analysed.

Enhanced CO oxidation performance over hierarchical flower-like CoO based nanosheets via optimizing oxygen activation and CO chemisorption.

Enhancing low-temperature activity is a focus for carbon monoxide (CO) elimination by catalytic oxidation. In this work, the hierarchical flower-like silver (Ag) modified cobalt oxides (CoO) nanosheets were prepared by solvothermal method and applied into catalytic CO oxidation. The doped Ag species in the form of AgCoO induced the prolongated surface Co-O bond and weaker bond intensity.

A systematic characterization of soil/dust ingestion for typical subpopulations in China.

An accurate assessment of human exposure to pollutants through the ingestion of dust and/or soil particles depends on a thorough understanding their rate of human ingestion. To this end, we investigated the load and size distribution patterns of dust/soil particles on the hands of three typical subpopulations, including preschoolers, college students, and security guards (outdoor workers). The geometric mean diameter of dust/soil particles on hands was observed to be 38.

Distribution, sources and health risks of heavy metals in indoor dust across China.

The potential effects of heavy metals on human health have attracted increasing attention as most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. Human exposure to heavy metals in indoor dust have only been characterised for limited regions in China, and full-scale data for different functional areas are not available. Therefore, this review analysed the concentrations, contamination characteristics, and potential health risks of seven heavy metals (including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd)) in indoor dust at 3392 sampling sites in 55 cities across 27 provincial regions of China based on literature data.

siRNA targeting PD-L1 delivered with attenuated Salmonella enhanced the anti-tumor effect of lenvatinib on mice bearing Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer representing serious harm to human health. The effective treatment of HCC is challenging. Lenvatinib is an inhibitor of polytyrosine kinase that exerts an effect against HCC by blocking the VEGF signaling pathway.

Gas-particle partition and size-segregated distribution of flame retardants in indoor and outdoor air: Reevaluation on the role of fine particles in human exposure.

In this study, we investigated the distribution of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants (BFRs and OPFRs) in the paired gaseous and nine size-segregated particulate samples collected from 8 typical indoor compartments and monthly outdoor in Xinxiang, China, respectively. For the indoor environments, total concentrations of FRs (ΣFRs) in bulk air ranged from 3.9 ng/m to 37.

Identifying dermal exposure as the dominant pathway of children's exposure to flame retardants in kindergartens.

Exploration of multiple sources of brominated (BFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) for children promotes the understanding of exposure pathways and health risk. 10 BFRs and 9 OPFRs were measured in skin wipes from hands, forehead, and arms of 30 children, and surface wipe samples from sills, toys, desks and floors, and indoor air samples of kindergartens from Xinxiang, China. Higher ∑OPFRs concentrations were observed in the forehead (1840 ng/m), followed by hand (1420 ng/m) and arm wipes (1130 ng/m), and the ∑BFRs concentrations in forehead, hand and arm wipes were 116, 315 and 165 ng/m, respectively.

Less is more: biological effects of NiSe/rGO nanocomposites with low dose provide new insight for risk assessment.

Nickel selenide nanomaterials (NiSe NMs) with different vacancies demonstrated high catalytic activity as electrocatalyst in oxygen evolution reaction. As the growing needs of the industrial applications in electrocatalyst, the increased occupational exposure and environmental releasing of NMs would be unavoidable. While, much efforts have been made to evaluate the ecological safety of such engineered NMs at unrealistically high concentrations, failed to provide the comprehensively guideline for exposure thresholds.

Nickel cobalt oxide nanowires with iron incorporation realizing a promising electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

Developing cost-effective electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is a promising strategy to enhance conversion and storage efficiency of sustainable energy. Transition metal oxides have been considered as alternative oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts to replace noble metal-based catalysts. Here, we report a series of Fe-doped NiCoO (NCO) nanowires with different Fe-doped concentrations, synthesized by a facile solvothermal and calcinations process, as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for OER.

Controllable Synthesis of Fe-Doped NiCo O Nanobelts as Superior Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

As one of the promising clean and renewable technologies, water splitting has been a hot topic, especially the half-reaction of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its sluggish and complex kinetics. Hence, Fe-doped NiCo O nanobelts were designed and prepared as catalysts toward OER. By increasing the Fe amount, the catalytic performances of the as-synthesized products went up and then decreased.

Adjustable Ternary FeCoNi Nanohybrids for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Water splitting as a greatly desired technology to produce clean renewable energy, but is hampered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction. So, the development of highly active and durable water oxidation electrocatalysts is of primarily significance for energy conversion. Here, a facial strategy to synthesize FeCoNi nanohybrids with adjustable morphological structures by using fluorine is introduced.

Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity of Bi O -BiOI Composite Nanosheets through Vacancy Engineering.

Vacancy engineering is an effective strategy to enhance solar-driven photocatalytic performance of semiconductors. It is highly desirable to improve the photocatalytic performance of composite nanomaterials by the introduction of vacancies, but the role of vacancies and the heterostructure in the photocatalytic process is elusive to the composite nanomaterials. Herein, the introduction of I vacancies can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of Bi O -BiOI composite nanosheets in a synergistic manner.

A Facile Synthesis of Ternary Nickel Iron Sulfide Nanospheres as Counter Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

The incorporation of a foreign metal into a material may adjust the surface electronic structure and promote charge transfer, which then ultimately improves electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic performance because of the possible charge delocalization between the metal cations. As a result, for the first time, ternary nickel iron sulfide nanospheres have been successfully fabricated through a two-step solvothermal approach with the help of glucose (Ni Fe S /C). Subsequently, the electrochemical performance and electrocatalytic activity of Ni Fe S /C were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel polarization and cyclic voltammetry, indicating high electrical conductivity and great electrocatalytic activity.