HPLC for simultaneous quantification of free mannose and glucose concentrations in serum: use in detection of ovarian cancer.

Abnormal levels of monosaccharides in blood have been linked to tumorigenesis. In this study, a novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of free mannose and glucose in the serum. The serum was directly derivatized by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone under alkaline conditions using L-rhamnose as an internal standard.

Identifying the intervention mechanisms of polydatin in hyperuricemia model rats by using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectroscopy metabonomic approach.

Introduction: Polydatin is a biologically active compound found in mulberries, grapes, and , and it has uric acid-lowering effects. However, its urate-lowering effects and the molecular mechanisms underlying its function require further study.

Methods: In this study, a hyperuricemic rat model was established to assess the effects of polydatin on uric acid levels.

Determination of monosaccharide composition in human serum by an improved HPLC method and its application as candidate biomarkers for endometrial cancer.

Altered glycan levels in serum have been associated with increased risk of cancer. In this study, we have developed and validated a HPLC-based method to analyze monosaccharide composition (D-mannose, Glucosamine, Galactosamine, Glucuronic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-fucose) in human serum, with L-rhamnose, being used as internal standard. Monosaccharides obtained from hydrolyzed serum samples were derivatized by 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone.

SLC7A1 Overexpression Is Involved in Energy Metabolism Reprogramming to Induce Tumor Progression in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Is Associated with Immune-Infiltrating Cells.

Cationic amino acid transporters (SLC7A1/CAT1) are highly expressed in human ovarian cancer (OC) tissues. However, the specific biological functions and mechanisms involved remain unclear. We used bioinformatics analysis to explore SLC7A1 expression level, prognostic value, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) in ovarian cancer (OC) tissues.

Circulating Glycan Monosaccharide Composite-Based Biomarker Diagnoses Colorectal Cancer at Early Stages and Predicts Prognosis.

Introduction: Early diagnosis could lead to a cure of colorectal cancer (CRC). Since CRC is related to aging and lifestyles, we tested if the environmental information-enriched monosaccharide composite (MC) of circulating glycans could serve as an early diagnostic biomarker for CRC. Meanwhile, we evaluated its role in predicting prognosis.

Systems biomarker characteristics of circulating alkaline phosphatase activities for 48 types of human diseases.

Background: Most human diseases are accompanied by systems changes. Systems biomarkers should reflect such changes. The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of biomolecules maintain human homeostasis.

The structures and biological functions of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese herbs.

Most of traditional Chinese medicine substances come from herbal plants. The medicinal quality of herbal plants varies with the locations of cultivation, the parts of the herb collected, the season of the herb collected, and the herb processing method. Polysaccharides are major components of the herb plants and their biosynthesis is partly controlled by the genes but mostly influenced by the availability of the nutrition and determined by the various environmental factors.

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide used for treating physical frailty in China.

Ganoderma lucidum is an edible medicinal mushroom known as "Lingzhi" in China and "Reishi or Manetake" in Japan. It is a highly prized vitality-enhancing herb for >2000 years. G.

Serum PSA levels in patients with prostate cancer and other 33 different types of diseases.

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein, is a clinically used biomarker for screen and diagnosis of prostate cancer. Most of PSA in blood circulation is protein-bound, and only a small fraction is present as free PSA. In general, the serum total PSA levels are <4ng/mL in healthy controls and significantly increased in certain prostate cancer patients.

Serum CA199 levels are significantly increased in patients suffering from liver, lung, and other diseases.

CA199 is a sialic acid containing glycan antigen found in both glycoproteins and glycolipids, which is recognized by monoclonal antibodies generated by hybridoma technology. The increased serum CA199 levels measured by using the monoclonal antibodies have been used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Even though increased serum CA199 levels are also observed in other cancers and noncancer diseases, it is largely unknown if CA199 levels could serve as biomarkers for other diseases as well.

Retrospective analysis of glycan-related biomarkers based on clinical laboratory data in two medical centers during the past 6 years.

Most of clinically used cancer biomarkers are either specific glycan structures or glycoproteins. Although the high serum levels of the cancer biomarkers are also present in certain patients suffering noncancer diseases, systematic measurement and comparison of the serum levels of all cancer biomarkers among cancer and noncancer patients have not been reported. In this study, the serum levels of 17 glucose and glycan-related biomarkers including 10 cancer biomarkers SCCA, CA724, CA50, CA242, CA125, CA199, CA153, AFP, CEA, and PSA were retrospectively investigated based on clinical laboratory data in two medical centers during the past 6 years (2012-2018).

Molecular basis for Poria cocos mushroom polysaccharide used as an antitumour drug in China.

Poria cocos is an edible medicinal fungus known as "Fuling" in Chinese and has been used as a Chinese traditional medicine for more than two thousand years. Pharmacological studies reveal that polysaccharide is the most abundant substance in Poria cocos and has a wide range of biological activities including antitumour, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-ageing, antihepatitis, antidiabetics and anti-haemorrhagic fever effects. As a result, "Poria cocos polysaccharide oral solution" was developed and sold as an over-the-counter health supplement since 1970s.

Lentinan as an immunotherapeutic for treating lung cancer: a review of 12 years clinical studies in China.

Purpose: Lentinan is a polysaccharide extracted from Shiitake mushrooms that have been used to improve general health for thousands of years in Asia. Lentinan injection is a clinically approved drug in several countries in Asia. The purpose of this study is to review the structure, preclinical and clinical studies, and molecular mechanisms of lentinan.

Optimizing microwave-assisted hydrolysis conditions for monosaccharide composition analyses of different polysaccharides.

Releasing all monosaccharides during acid hydrolysis for composition analysis of polysaccharides has been a time consuming process. In current study, an efficient (10 μL sample + 10 μL acid), sensitive, and quick monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides was accomplished by using microwave-assisted HCl hydrolysis (10 min) of the polysaccharides followed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) combined with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) analysis. Compared to the conventional hydrolysis procedure, this method is an efficient approach for monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, basic, and neutral polysaccharides and particularly suited to polysaccharides that are difficult to hydrolyse fully such as chitosan, heparin and chondroitin sulfates.

Grifola frondosa polysaccharide: a review of antitumor and other biological activity studies in China.

Grifola frondosa, a species of Basidiomycotina, is an edible medicinal mushroom with a large fruiting body characterized by overlapping caps. The β-glucan is the major biologically active component in G. frondosa polysaccharide (GFP) or D-fraction, which has been studied extensively for nearly 30 years.

Chemical, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide as an approved drug for treating myopathy and other diseases in China.

Ganoderma lucidum is an edible medicinal mushroom known as "Lingzhi" in China and "Reishi or Manetake" in Japan. It is a highly prized vitality-enhancing herb for more than 2000 years. G.

Overview of Ganoderma sinense polysaccharide-an adjunctive drug used during concurrent Chemo/Radiation therapy for cancer treatment in China.

Ganoderma sinense or "Chinese Lingzhi" is a well-known medicinal fungus in China for more than 2000 years. Polysaccharide is the main immunomodulatory and antitumor component in G. sinense.

Preclinical and clinical studies of Coriolus versicolor polysaccharopeptide as an immunotherapeutic in China.

Conventional cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy in cancer care has been gaining momentum. Interestingly, an immunotherapeutic regime that employs polysaccharopeptide (PSP), a unique peptide-containing polysaccharide isolated from Coriolus versicolor, has already become a routine clinical practice in Japan since 1977 and in China since 1987.

Serum glycoprotein-derived N- and O-linked glycans as cancer biomarkers.

Early detection of cancer is the key to improving survival. Since most clinically used serum cancer biomarkers are either glycoproteins or glycan structures that can be recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies, developing glycan structure-based biomarkers from human serum/plasma glycoproteins through mass spectrometry (MS) analysis are active research field during the past decades. Numerous studies have shown that changes in serum/plasma glycan structures occur during cancer initiation, progression, and treatment.

Efficacy of Heparinoid PSS in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases and Beyond-A Review of 27 Years Clinical Experiences in China.

Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) is the world's first oral heparinoid approved by Chinese Food and Drug Administration in 1987. Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate is produced by modifying partially hydrolyzed alginate, one of the most abundant marine polysaccharides isolated from brown algae, by epoxypropane esterification and by chemical sulfation. It is used for treating and preventing cardiovascular-related diseases.