Natural variation of indels in the CTB3 promoter confers cold tolerance in japonica rice.

Improvement of cold tolerance at the booting stage (CTB) in rice is a key strategy for cultivation in high-altitude and high-latitude regions. Here, we identify CTB3 gene, encoding a calmodulin-binding transcriptional activator that positively regulates cold tolerance at the booting stage in japonica rice. Two indels (57-bp and 284-bp) in the CTB3 promoter confer a differential transcriptional response to cold between the japonica and indica subspecies.

Study on the Friction Behavior and Mechanism of DLC Films in Waxy Oil Extraction Environment Based on Reactive Molecular Dynamics.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film is considered a highly promising coating for reducing friction and wear in oil and gas exploitation equipment, owing to its exceptional wear resistance and antifriction properties. Herein, the friction and wear behavior of the Fe-Fe model (conventional steel plunger pump barrel) and the DLC-Fe model (DLC-coated plunger pump barrel) in a waxy oil recovery environment was studied by Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results show that the DLC film can inhibit the lattice evolution of the friction interface and reduce the shear deformation between the friction pairs and the weak interaction between the DLC film and the waxy crude oil system, ultimately reducing the friction and wear.

5-HT orchestrates Histone Serotonylation and Citrullination to Drive Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Liver Metastasis.

Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to tumorigenesis. Whether and how 5-HT modulates cells in the microenvironment to regulate tumor metastasis remains to be largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that 5-HT is secreted by neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) cells to communicate with neutrophils and to induce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the liver, which in turn facilitates the recruitment of disseminated cancer cells and promotes liver metastasis.

GC-derived exosomal circMAN1A2 promotes cancer progression and suppresses T-cell antitumour immunity by inhibiting FBXW11-mediated SFPQ degradation.

Background: Exosomes, as extracellular membrane vesicles, play important roles in intercellular communication and can influence tumour progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported in various malignancies and are also important components of exosomes. However, the role of exosomal circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) progression has not been completely clarified.

Helicobacter Pylori-induced BRD2 mA modification sensitizes gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy by breaking FLIP/Caspase-8 homeostasis.

Chemoresistance severely deteriorates the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients. Several studies demonstrated that (HP)-positive GC patients showed better outcomes after receiving chemotherapy than HP-negative ones. This study aims to confirm the role of HP in GC chemotherapy and to study the underlying mechanisms.

Association of blood vitamin A with osteoarthritis: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Vitamin A plays an important role in health, especially regarding its impact on bone tissue. Vitamin A can lead to bone damage and deformity, thus becoming an important causative factor in osteoarthritis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of serum vitamin A with osteoarthritis.

TRIM50 inhibits glycolysis and the malignant progression of gastric cancer by ubiquitinating PGK1.

Ubiquitination plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumor progression. Among the components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 has emerged as a key molecule. Nevertheless, the biological functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases and their potential mechanisms orchestrating glycolysis in gastric cancer (GC) remain to be elucidated.

Probing the Atomic Erosion Wear Characteristics of TiC-Coated Fe in Oil and Gas Drilling Environments.

The titanium carbide (TiC) coating is considered one of the key coating materials to resist erosion wear in oil and gas drilling environments due to its excellent impact and wear resistance. Based on molecular dynamics, the erosion wear resistance of TiC coatings and the pure Fe system in the simulation of nanoindentation, scratch, and particle impact was studied at the microscale. The results indicate that TiC coatings can effectively enhance the load-bearing capacity of the Fe substrate within the critical load range and exhibit low friction characteristics and erosion resistance.

A machine learning-based approach to predict energy layer for each field in spot-scanning proton arc therapy for lung cancer: A feasibility study.

Background: Determining the optimal energy layer (EL) for each field, under considering both dose constraints and delivery efficiency, is crucial to promoting the development of proton arc therapy (PAT) technology.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the feasibility and potential clinical benefits of utilizing machine learning (ML) technique to automatically select EL for each field in PAT plans of lung cancer.

Methods: Proton Bragg peak position (BPP) was employed to characterize EL.

Associations of dietary factors with gastric cancer risk: insights from NHANES 2003-2016 and mendelian randomization analyses.

Gastric cancer (GC) continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Diet significantly influences the incidence and progression of GC. However, the relationship between dietary intake and GC is inconsistent.

What Determines the Low-Friction Mechanism of the Silicon-Doped Diamond-like Carbon Film in a Water Environment: An Atomic-Level Understanding.

It is widely acknowledged that doping silicon can significantly enhance the friction performance of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films in a water environment. However, the mechanism of low friction caused by doped silicon is still highly controversial. Therefore, this article compares the interface interaction between DLC and Si-DLC films in a water environment through first-principles calculations of physisorption and chemisorption effects.

circVAPA-rich small extracellular vesicles derived from gastric cancer promote neural invasion by inhibiting SLIT2 expression in neuronal cells.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Neural invasion (NI) is considered as the symbiotic interaction between nerves and cancers, which strongly affects the prognosis of GC patients. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a key role in intercellular communication.

Zeb1-controlled metabolic plasticity enables remodeling of chromatin accessibility in the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Cell plasticity has been found to play a critical role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, our understanding of the characteristics and markers of plastic cellular states during cancer cell lineage transition remains limited. In this study, multi-omics analyses show that prostate cancer cells undergo an intermediate state marked by Zeb1 expression with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, and neuroendocrine features during the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).

ADORA2A-driven proline synthesis triggers epigenetic reprogramming in neuroendocrine prostate and lung cancers.

Cell lineage plasticity is one of the major causes for the failure of targeted therapies in various cancers. However, the driver and actionable drug targets in promoting cancer cell lineage plasticity are scarcely identified. Here, we found that a G protein-coupled receptor, ADORA2A, is specifically upregulated during neuroendocrine differentiation, a common form of lineage plasticity in prostate cancer and lung cancer following targeted therapies.

High-Valence Mo Doping and Oxygen Vacancy Engineering to Promote Morphological Evolution and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity.

The rational design of high-efficiency, low-cost electrocatalysts for electrochemical water oxidation in alkaline media remains a huge challenge. Herein, combined strategies of metal doping and vacancy engineering are employed to develop unique Mo-doped cobalt oxide nanosheet arrays. The Mo dopants exist in the form of high-valence Mo, and the doping amount has a significant effect on the structure morphology, which transforms from 1D nanowires/nanobelts to 2D nanosheets and finally 3D nanoflowers.

m5C-methylated lncRNA NR_033928 promotes gastric cancer proliferation by stabilizing GLS mRNA to promote glutamine metabolism reprogramming.

Abnormal 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation has been proved to be closely related to gastric carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis. Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in a variety of biological processes in cancer. However, to date, m5C-methylated lncRNAs are rarely researched in gastric cancer (GC).

N6-methyladenosine modification of CENPF mRNA facilitates gastric cancer metastasis via regulating FAK nuclear export.

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m A) modification is the most common modification that occurs in eukaryotes. Although substantial effort has been made in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) in recent years, the prognosis of GC patients remains unsatisfactory. The regulatory mechanism between m A modification and GC development needs to be elucidated.

MSC-NPRA loop drives fatty acid oxidation to promote stemness and chemoresistance of gastric cancer.

Cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is the preferred treatment strategy for advanced stage gastric cancer (GC) patients. Despite the efficacy of chemotherapy, the development of chemoresistance negatively affects the prognosis of GC and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Accumulated evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play important roles in drug resistance.

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy demonstrates acceptable outcomes regarding complications compared to open surgery for gastric cancer patients with pylorus outlet obstruction.

Background: For gastric cancer (GC) patients with pylorus outlet obstruction (POO), whether laparoscopic surgery has advantages over open surgery remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the differences between patients with and without POO in open and laparoscopic groups and to determine the differences between laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) and open distal gastrectomy (ODG) in GC patients with POO.

Methods: A total of 241 GC patients with POO who underwent distal gastrectomy at the Department of Gastric Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between 2016 and 2021 were included in this study.

IL-1β Is an Androgen-Responsive Target in Macrophages for Immunotherapy of Prostate Cancer.

Great attention is paid to the role of androgen receptor (AR) as a central transcriptional factor in driving the growth of prostate cancer (PCa) epithelial cells. However, the understanding of the role of androgen in PCa-infiltrated immune cells and the impact of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the first-line treatment for advanced PCa, on the PCa immune microenvironment remains limited. On the other hand, immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the treatment of certain cancer types, but fails to achieve any benefit in advanced PCa, due to an immune suppressive environment.

N6-methyadenosine modified SUV39H2 regulates homologous recombination through epigenetic repression of DUSP6 in gastric cancer.

Despite many advances in treatment over the past few years, the poor 5-year survival rate and high recurrence rate of gastric cancer (GC) remain unsatisfactory. As the most abundant epigenetic modification in the eukaryotic mRNA, N6-methyladenosine (mA) methylation participates in tumor progression and tissue development. During tumor progression, DNA damage repair mechanisms can be reprogrammed to give new growth advantages on tumor clones whose genomic integrity is disturbed.

Numb/Parkin-directed mitochondrial fitness governs cancer cell fate via metabolic regulation of histone lactylation.

Cell plasticity and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate and lung adenocarcinomas are one of the major reasons for therapeutic resistance to targeted therapy. Whether and how metabolic changes contribute to this adenocarcinoma-to-neuroendocrine cell fate transition remains largely unclear. Here we show that neuroendocrine prostate or lung cancer cells possess mostly fragmented mitochondria with low membrane potential and rely on glycolysis for energy metabolism.

Behavioral and genomic divergence between a generalist and a specialist fly.

The evolution of feeding habits leads to speciation in insects. Bactrocera true fruit flies display diverse feeding habits across species. We combine behavioral and functional genomic studies to probe the divergence between the specialist B.