Intravenous initial bolus during prophylactic norepinephrine infusion to prevent spinal hypotension for cesarean delivery: A randomized controlled, dose-finding trial.

Background: Previous studies have shown that a 0.05 μg/kg/min of norepinephrine infusion in combination with an initial bolus reduces the incidence of spinal hypotension during cesarean delivery. The initial norepinephrine bolus influences the incidence of spinal hypotension during continuous norepinephrine infusion; however, the ideal initial bolus dose for 0.

Metal-polyphenol self-assembled nanodots for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided chemodynamic/photodynamic therapy-amplified ferroptosis.

The effectiveness of tumor treatment using reactive oxygen species as the primary therapeutic medium is hindered by limitations of tumor microenvironment (TME), such as intrinsic hypoxia in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and overproduction of reducing glutathione (GSH) in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Herein, we fabricate metal-polyphenol self-assembled nanodots (Fe@BDP NDs) guided by second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging. The Fe@BDP NDs are designed for synergistic combination of type-I PDT and CDT-amplified ferroptosis.

The anti-inflammatory effects of itaconate and its derivatives in neurological disorders.

Almost 16 % of the global population is affected by neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative and cerebral neuroimmune diseases, triggered by acute or chronic inflammation. Neuroinflammation is recognized as a common pathogenic mechanism in a wide array of neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis. Inflammatory process in the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to neuronal damage and neuronal apoptosis, consequently exacerbating these diseases.

Urolithiasis Causes Osteoporosis in Asians: Genetic Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and Pathway Analysis.

Background: It is an indisputable fact that patients with urolithiasis are prone to osteoporosis (OP), but the specific mechanism of their association is unclear. Previous studies have focused on the mediation of environmental factors such as diet; however, the potential of urolithiasis itself to induce OP remains uncertain.

Methods: In this study, we used data from the Japan BioBank (6,638 urolithiasis and 7,788 OP cases) to investigate the direct causal relationship and mechanism between urolithiasis and OP, applying Mendelian randomization (MR), genetic correlation analysis, colocalization, and pathway analysis.

Itaconate alleviates anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment by activating a Nrf2-dependent anti-neuroinflammation and neurogenesis via gut-brain axis.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological complication of anesthesia and surgery in aging individuals. Neuroinflammation has been identified as a hallmark of POCD. However, safe and effective treatments of POCD are still lacking.

Effect of phenylephrine rescue injection on hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery when guided by both heart rate and SBP during an early warning window: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is now the most common technique for caesarean delivery. However, because of the intermittent nature of noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurements, maternal blood pressure may become hypotensive between the measurements. There is thus an inbuilt delay before the anaesthesiologist can intervene to counteract the hypotension.

Effect of opioid-free anesthesia on postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecological surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication, that can reduce patient satisfaction and may lead to serious consequences, such as wound dehiscence. Many strategies have been proposed to prevent PONV; however, it remains common, especially in high-risk surgeries such as gynecological surgery. In recent years, opioid-free anesthesia has been widely studied because it minimizes adverse reactions of opioids, such as nausea, vomiting, and itching; however, conclusions have been inconsistent.

The Effects of Appropriate Perioperative Exercise on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: a Narrative Review.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are now considered the most common neurological complication in older adult patients undergoing surgical procedures. A significant increase exists in the incidence of post-operative disability and mortality in patients with PNDs. However, no specific treatment is still available for PNDs.

Effects of intravenous glucocorticoids on postoperative delirium in adult patients undergoing major surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: The effects of intravenous glucocorticoids on postoperative delirium (POD) in adult patients undergoing major surgery remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess whether intravenous glucocorticoids can decrease POD incidence in the entire adult population undergoing major surgery and its association with patients age, type of surgery, and type of glucocorticoid.

Methods: We searched the relevant literature published before November 3, 2023, through Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate perioperative neurocognitive disorder by inhibiting inflammatory responses and activating BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in aged mice.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a key complication affecting older individuals after anesthesia and surgery. Failure to translate multiple pharmacological therapies for PND from preclinical studies to clinical settings has necessitated the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) treatment has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases and has the potential to translate basic science into clinical practice.

Impact of ankylosing spondylitis on stroke limited to specific subtypes: Evidence from Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The relationship between Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and the risk of stroke is complex. Therefore, we utilized Two-Sample Mendelian randomization to examine the probable causal link between these two features.

Methods: The genetic instruments linked to AS were chosen from a summary-level genetic data set from the FinnGen consortium in people of European ancestry (1462 cases and 164,682 controls).