The Application of Piecewise Regularization Reconstruction to the Calibration of Strain Beams.

Standard beams are mainly used for the calibration of strain sensors using their load reconstruction models. However, as an ill-posed inverse problem, the solution to these models often fails to converge, especially when dealing with dynamic loads of different frequencies. To overcome this problem, a piecewise Tikhonov regularization method (PTR) is proposed to reconstruct dynamic loads.

Improved Stability and Gate Reliability of GaN-Based MIS-HEMTs by Employing Alternating O Plasma Treatment.

The stability and gate reliability of AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with alternating O plasma treatment were systematically investigated in this article. It was found that the conduction band offset at the AlO/AlGaN interface was elevated to 2.4 eV, which contributed to the suppressed gate leakage current.

Fabrication and characterization of poly(lactic acid-trimethylene carbonate) based biodegradable composite films.

Two biobased composite films have been prepared with poly (lactic acid-trimethylene carbonate), polylactic acid and Laponite by solvent evaporation method. The H NMR and FTIR spectrums illustrate that P (LA-TMC) polymer is successfully synthesized and designed composite films are produced. Morphometric analyses demonstrate that the roughnesses of the film's surface and cross-section are on the increase with higher PLA and Laponite content.

Superior Surface-Insulated Polymers with Low Leakage Current Enabled by Tailored Coatings Deposited with Colliding Plasma Jets.

Insufficient surface insulation margin is the primary challenge for a 10 kV plus high-voltage semiconductor module. Surface charge accumulation and electric field distortion are the leading causes of surface insulation failure. Power modules restrict leakage loss, so only insulation dielectrics with low surface conductivity can be used.

A Study on the Harmonic Distortion of Seismic-Grade Sigma-Delta MEMS Accelerometers Using a Multiple Degree-of-Freedom Model.

Harmonic distortion is one of the dominant factors limiting the overall signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of seismic-grade sigma-delta MEMS accelerometers. This study investigates harmonic distortion based on the multiple degree-of-freedom model (MDM) established in our previous study. The main advantage of using an MDM is that the effect of finger flexibility on harmonic distortion is considered.

A Novel Atomic-Level Post-Etch-Surface-Reinforcement Process for High-Performance -GaN Gate HEMTs Fabrication.

A novel atomic-level post-etch-surface-reinforcement (PESR) process is developed to recover the -GaN etching induced damage region for high performance -GaN gate HEMTs fabrication. This process is composed of a self-limited surface modification step with O plasma, following by an oxide removal step with BCl plasma. With PESR process, the AlGaN surface morphology after -GaN etching was comparable to the as-epitaxial level by AFM characterization, and the AlGaN lattice crystallization was also recovered which was measured in a confocal Raman system.

Non-Buffer Epi-AlGaN/GaN on SiC for High-Performance Depletion-Mode MIS-HEMTs Fabrication.

A systematic study of epi-AlGaN/GaN on a SiC substrate was conducted through a comprehensive analysis of material properties and device performance. In this novel epitaxial design, an AlGaN/GaN channel layer was grown directly on the AlN nucleation layer, without the conventional doped thick buffer layer. Compared to the conventional epi-structures on the SiC and Si substrates, the non-buffer epi-AlGaN/GaN structure had a better crystalline quality and surface morphology, with reliable control of growth stress.

In Situ H-Radical Surface Treatment on Aluminum Gallium Nitride for High-Performance Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride MIS-HEMTs Fabrication.

In this work, we demonstrated a low current collapse normally on AlO/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT with in situ H-radical surface treatment on AlGaN. The in situ atomic pretreatment was performed in a specially designed chamber prior to the thermal ALD-AlO deposition, which improved the AlO/AlGaN interface with Dit of ~2 × 10 cm eV, and thus effectively reduced the current collapse and the dynamic Ron degradation. The devices showed good electrical performance with low Vth hysteresis and peak trans-conductance of 107 mS/mm.

Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Modeling and Simulation for Seismic-Grade Sigma-Delta MEMS Capacitive Accelerometers.

The high-order mechanical resonances of the sensing element in a high-vacuum environment can significantly degrade the noise and distortion performance of seismic-grade sigma-delta MEMS capacitive accelerometers. However, the current modeling approach is unable to evaluate the effects of high-order mechanical resonances. This study proposes a novel multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) model to evaluate the noise and distortion induced by high-order mechanical resonances.

Improving Performance of AlO/AlN/GaN MIS HEMTs via In Situ N Plasma Annealing.

A novel monocrystalline AlN interfacial layer formation method is proposed to improve the device performance of the fully recessed-gate AlO/AlN/GaN Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistors (MIS-HEMTs), which is achieved by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and in situ N plasma annealing (NPA). Compared with the traditional RTA method, the NPA process not only avoids the device damage caused by high temperatures but also obtains a high-quality AlN monocrystalline film that avoids natural oxidation by in situ growth. As a contrast with the conventional PELAD amorphous AlN, results indicated a significantly lower interface density of states () in a MIS characterization, which could be attributed to the polarization effect induced by the AlN crystal from the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) characterizations.

The Preparation and Characterization of Chitooligosaccharide-Polylactide Polymers, and In Vitro Release of Microspheres Loaded with Vancomycin.

Drug-loaded microspheres are an ideal bone tissue delivery material. In this study, a biodegradable Schiff base chitosan-polylactide was used as the encapsulation material to prepare drug-loaded microspheres as biocompatible carriers for controlled vancomycin release. In this regard, Schiff base chitosan was prepared by the Schiff base method, and then different proportions of the Schiff base chitosan-polylactide polymer were prepared by ring-opening polymerization.

Preparation and in vitro release of mPEG-PLA microspheres of Panax notoginseng saponins.

This study was performed to promote the clinical application of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), which present anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities, and provided insights for the preparation of controlled-release dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine. A series of drug-loaded microspheres with degradable amphiphilic polymer material polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether-polylactic acid (mPEG-PLA) as the carrier was synthesized. The degradation, sustained-release behavior, and biocompatibility of the drug-loaded microspheres were studied through in vitro release, degradation, hemolysis, anticoagulation, and cytotoxicity experiments.

A Novel Pathway for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Transmission from Sows to Neonatal Piglets Mediated by Colostrum.

The mechanisms of colostrum-mediated virus transmission are difficult to elucidate because of the absence of experimental animal models and the difficulties in tissue sample collection from mothers in the peripartum period. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a reemerging enteropathogenic coronavirus that has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. PEDV primarily infects neonatal piglets by multiple routes, especially 1- to 2-day-old neonatal piglets.

Inhibition of PFKFB3 in HER2-positive gastric cancer improves sensitivity to trastuzumab by inducing tumour vessel normalisation.

Background: Multiple mechanisms have been proposed that lead to reduced effectiveness of trastuzumab in HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC), yet resistance to trastuzumab remains a challenge in clinics.

Methods: We established trastuzumab-resistant cells and patient-derived xenografts models to measure metabolic levels and vascular density and shape. The HER2-positive GC patient samples were used to determine clinical significance.

High Selectivity, Low Damage ICP Etching of -GaN over AlGaN for Normally-off -GaN HEMTs Application.

A systematic study of the selective etching of -GaN over AlGaN was carried out using a BCl/SF inductively coupled plasma (ICP) process. Compared to similar chemistry, a record high etch selectivity of 41:1 with a -GaN etch rate of 3.4 nm/min was realized by optimizing the SF concentration, chamber pressure, ICP and bias power.

FAM98A promotes resistance to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer by suppressing ferroptosis.

Background: FAM98A is a microtubule-associated protein involved in cell proliferation and migration, and is frequently dysregulated in epithelial cancers. But its role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) cancer remains unknown.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the expression of FAM98A in CRC samples.

Porcine intraepithelial lymphocytes undergo migration and produce an antiviral response following intestinal virus infection.

The location of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) between epithelial cells provide a first line of immune defense against enteric infection. It is assumed that IELs migrate only along the basement membrane or into the lateral intercellular space (LIS) between epithelial cells. Here, we identify a unique transepithelial migration of porcine IELs as they move to the free surface of the intestinal epithelia.

Application of a cationic amylose derivative loaded with single-walled carbon nanotubes for gene delivery therapy and photothermal therapy of colorectal cancer.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are cylindrical graphitic helix molecules that exhibit superb mechanical and physical properties. Many polymers, such as polyethylene glycol and glycated chitosan, have been used to modify SWNTs to enhance the stability and biocompatibility of delivery systems; thus, a novel modification for SWNTs with amylose derivatives containing poly(L-lysine) dendrons (ADP@SWNT) is developed. Infrared spectra analysis, H NMR analysis, circular dichroism spectra analysis and thermogravimetric analysis are used to characterize and confirm complex formation.

Mechanism of transepithelial migration of lymphocytes into the milk in porcine mammary glands.

Lymphocytes in the colostrum play many important roles during lactation, including protecting newborn piglets against infections. The lymphocytes constantly enter the mammary gland from the mother's bloodstream before and during lactation. However, little is known about the mechanism of transport of maternal lymphocytes across the mammary glands into the milk (lumen).

Spore-Trained Dendritic Cells Enhance the Generation of Memory T Cells via ICAM1.

Immunological memory is a cardinal feature of the immune system. The intestinal mucosa is the primary exposure and entry site of infectious organisms. For an effective and long-lasting safeguard, a robust immune memory system is required, especially by the mucosal immunity.

Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentation: A Meta-Learning Method.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated great achievement in increasing the accuracy and stability of medical image segmentation. However, existing CNNs are limited by the problem of dependency on the availability of training data owing to high manual annotation costs and privacy issues. To counter this limitation, domain adaptation (DA) and few-shot learning have been extensively studied.

Photo-Detachable Self-Cleaning Surfaces Inspired by Gecko Toepads.

Strong, reversible, and self-cleaning adhesion in the toe pads of geckos allow the lizards to climb on a variety of vertical and inverted surfaces, regardless of the surface conditions, whether hydrophobic or hydrophilic, smooth or tough, wet or dry, clean or dirty. Development of synthetic gecko-inspired surfaces has drawn a great attention over the past two decades. Despite many external-stimuli responsive mechanisms (i.

Red blood cells serve as a vehicle for PEDV transmission.

As the most abundant cell type in the blood, red blood cells (RBCs) are serving for transporting oxygen. However, the mechanism by which RBCs binding virus remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a kind of coronavirus, could hijack RBCs and cause typical diarrhea in neonatal piglets.

In Vitro Antiviral Activities of Salinomycin on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. Owing to the lack of effective vaccines and specific therapeutic options for PEDV, it is pertinent to develop new and available antivirals. This study identified, for the first time, a salinomycin that actively inhibited PEDV replication in Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Oral administration of Bacillus subtilis promotes homing of CD3 T cells and IgA-secreting cells to the respiratory tract in piglets.

Oral probiotics are used to induce immune responses in the intestines to protect against infection. However, oral probiotics may also affect immune responses in other mucosal tissues such as in the respiratory tract. To examine this possibility, we explored the potential of immunocytes to home to the respiratory system after oral administration of Bacillus subtilis.