Advances in the study of the role of gastric microbiota in the progression of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor and the third most common cancer in China in terms of mortality. Stomach microorganisms play complex roles in the development of GC. The carcinogenic mechanism of Helicobacter pylori has been elucidated, and there is much evidence that other microorganisms in the gastric mucosa are also heavily involved in the disease progression of this cancer.

Effects of FGFR2b-ligand signaling on pancreatic branching morphogenesis and postnatal islet function.

Pancreatic development is a complex process vital for maintaining metabolic balance, requiring intricate interactions among different cell types and signaling pathways. Fibroblast growth factor receptors 2b (FGFR2b)-ligands signaling from adjacent mesenchymal cells is crucial in initiating pancreatic development and differentiating exocrine and endocrine cells through a paracrine mechanism. However, the precise critical time window that affects pancreatic development remains unclear.

An Integrative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Proteome of Rice Grain Chalkiness Formation Under High Temperature.

Exposure to high temperatures can impair the grain-filling process in rice ( L.), potentially leading to the formation of chalky endosperm, but the molecular regulation mechanism remains largely elusive. Here, we reported that high-temperature (HT) stress (day/night, 35 °C/30 °C) reduces both the grain-filling rate and grain weight of Ningjing 1 variety compared to normal temperatures (NT, day/night, 28 °C/23 °C).

Efficacy of 0.05% Cyclosporine-A eye drops (II) and 3% Diquafosol ophthalmic solution in the treatment of dry eye after cataract surgery.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops (II) and 3% Diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS) in the treatment of dry eye (DE) after cataract surgery (CS).

Methods: Clinical data of 123 patients with DE after CS treated at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2022 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Platelet to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with diabetes and prediabetes in NHANES 2005 to 2018.

This study aims to investigate the association between the platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) and diabetes/prediabetes in US adults. Data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed in this study. The PHR was calculated by dividing platelet count by HDL-C concentration.

Integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology to investigate Da-Chai-Hu Decoction prevents kidney injury in diabetic mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The current treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN) is inadequate, and there is an urgent need for an effective and minimally adverse alternative therapy. Da-Chai-Hu Decoction (DCHD) is a time-honored herbal remedy from Chinese medicine, boasting a legacy spanning more than 1800 years. Clinical observations suggest that it may provide therapeutic benefits for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

The CD40/CD40L Pathway Regulates the Aggressiveness of Ovarian Cancer Cells via the Activation of Regulatory B Cells.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a challenging cancer frequently detected at advanced stages. Regulatory B cells (Breg cells) can impair antitumor immunity in patients with OC. The imbalanced serum soluble CD40/CD40L pathway is associated with ovarian tumors.

Association between serum carotenoids and hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2001-2006.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the association between serum carotenoids and hyperuricemia.

Methods: Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2006. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid (UA) levels of ≥7 mg/dL for males and ≥ 6 mg/dL for females.

Analysis of influential factors of stent-related adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention more than twice: a single-center retrospective study.

We aimed to assess the factors affecting patient outcomes in multiple stent placements over a 10-year period. The single-center study included 1,200 patients who had multiple stents implanted at least twice or more. Participants were divided into the adverse outcomes as endpoints (n = 204 [17%]) and control groups.

Exploring the impact of the use of ChatGPT on foreign language self-efficacy among Chinese students studying abroad: The mediating role of foreign language enjoyment.

Against the backdrop of rapid globalisation, Chinese students studying abroad face increasing challenges in foreign language learning and adapting to foreign language environments. This study surveyed 712 Chinese students studying abroad and used AMOS to examine the logical relationships between the use of ChatGPT, foreign language self-efficacy and foreign language enjoyment, as well as the mediating role of foreign language enjoyment in the use of ChatGPT and foreign language self-efficacy. The results indicated that the use of ChatGPT has a significant positive impact on both the foreign language self-efficacy and foreign language enjoyment of Chinese students studying abroad.

Fifty percent overestimation of black carbon concentration measured in aerosols of the Tibetan Plateau.

Elemental carbon (EC), also known as black carbon, plays an important role in climate change. Accurately assessing EC concentration in aerosols remains challenging due to the overestimations caused by carbonates and organic carbon (OC) during thermal-optical measurement in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study evaluates the extent of EC overestimated by carbonates and OC at four remote sites (Nyalamu, Lulang, Everest and Ngari) in southern and western of the TP using different treatments.

IGF2BP2 orchestrates global expression and alternative splicing profiles associated with glioblastoma development in U251 cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive and malignant central nervous system tumor with a median survival duration of 15 months despite multimodal therapy. The insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) has been implicated in various cancers and is known to regulate RNA metabolism and alternative splicing (AS). However, its role in GBM remains unclear.

Machine learning-based prediction of 5-year survival in elderly NSCLC patients using oxidative stress markers.

Background: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in aging and cancer, yet there is currently a lack of research utilizing machine learning models to examine the relationship between oxidative stress and prognosis in elderly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: This study included elderly NSCLC patients who underwent radical lung cancer resection from January 2012 to April 2018, exploring the relationship between Oxidative Stress Score (OSS) and prognosis. Machine learning techniques, including Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were employed to develop predictive models for 5-year overall survival (OS).

Multi-Modality Multi-Attribute Contrastive Pre-Training for Image Aesthetics Computing.

In the Image Aesthetics Computing (IAC) field, most prior methods leveraged the off-the-shelf backbones pre-trained on the large-scale ImageNet database. While these pre-trained backbones have achieved notable success, they often overemphasize object-level semantics and fail to capture the high-level concepts of image aesthetics, which may only achieve suboptimal performances. To tackle this long-neglected problem, we propose a multi-modality multi-attribute contrastive pre-training framework, targeting at constructing an alternative to ImageNet-based pre-training for IAC.

ANGPTL3 as a target for treating lipid disorders in type 2 diabetes patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a globally prevalent metabolic disorder, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic individuals. In addition to hyperglycemia, lipid abnormalities associated with T2DM play a crucial role in the development of CVD complications. Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and impaired HDL function.

In Situ Catalyzed Growth of Carbon Nanotube with Asphalt Cladding as a Bicarbon Synergistic Framework of Silicon Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries.

Silicon, as the most promising advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries, faces challenges in large-scale industrial production due to the significant volume expansion effect. In this investigation, Si/CNTs/C composite materials were effectively produced through high-temperature carbonization utilizing asphalt, silicon, hexahydrate ferric chloride, and melamine as primary elements. The distinctive dual-carbon framework of asphalt-derived carbon and carbon nanotubes alleviates the volume expansion of silicon, thereby stabilizing the composite material's structure.

Gasdermin D promotes development of intestinal tumors through regulating IL-1β release and gut microbiota composition.

The interplay between gut microbiota and host is crucial for maintaining host health. When this balance is broken, various diseases can arise, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism by which gut microbiota and host interactions mediate CRC development remains unclear.

Water-Soluble Lipophilic Near-Infrared Region II Fluorophores for High-Brightness Lipid Layer and Lipid Droplets Imaging Applications.

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) has garnered considerable attention for displaying the biological information of deep tissues. However, the lack of biocompatible contrast agents with bright NIR-II emission has hampered the precise clinical application of deep tissue imaging. Here, a lipophilic enhancement strategy employing donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) molecules, introducing long alkoxy chains and quaternary ammonium salts for the development of highly bright water-soluble NIR-II fluorophores (BBTD-2C-N), is described.

Photo-Amplified Plasma Membrane Rupture by Membrane-Anchoring NIR-II Small Molecule Design for Improved Cancer Photoimmunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment method for eradicating tumor cells by enhancing the immune response. However, there are several major obstacles to conventional phototherapy-mediated immune responses, including inadequate immunogenicity and immunosuppressive environment. Here, we present a novel photoimmunotherapy modality-the development of membrane-anchoring small molecule inducing plasma membrane rupture (PMR) by NIR-II photo-stimulation, thus evoking cell necrotic death and enhancing antitumor immunotherapy.

Enhanced Oxidation-Resistant and Conductivity in MXene Films with Seamless Heterostructure.

MXene-based films have garnered significant attention for their remarkable electrical and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the practical application of MXene is impeded by its intrinsic instability caused by spontaneous oxidation. The traditional anti-oxidative strategies frequently lead to a compromise in stability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties.

From promise to progress: the dynamic landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common CNS cancer, it has dismal survival rates despite several effective mediators: intensified cytotoxic therapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, viral therapy, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, radiation therapy and vaccine therapy. This review examines the basic concepts underlying immune targeting and examines products such as checkpoint blockade drugs, CAR-T cells, oncolytic viruses, combinatory multimodal immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. New approaches to overcoming current constraints and challenges in GBM therapy are discussed, based on recent studies into these tactics, findings from ongoing clinical trials, as well as previous trial results.

Microplastics in glaciers of Tibetan Plateau: Characteristics and potential sources.

Microplastics (MPs) in glaciers of remote areas are a hot topic linking the global transport of atmospheric MPs. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) holds large volume of glaciers, providing an effective way to trace MPs transport. Moreover, MPs in glaciers may have adverse effects on the local ecosystem and human health.