A NAC transcription factor and a MADS-box protein antagonistically regulate sucrose accumulation in strawberry receptacles.

Sugar accumulation during fruit ripening is an essential physiological change that influences fruit quality. While NAC transcription factors are recognized for their role in modulating strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit ripening, their specific contributions to sugar accumulation have remained largely unexplored. This study identified FvNAC073, a NAC transcription factor, as a key regulator that not only exhibits a gradual increase in gene expression during fruit ripening but also enhances the accumulation of sucrose.

Mutation in FvPAL2 leads to light red strawberry fruits and yellow-green petioles.

In recent years, light red or white strawberries have attracted much attention because of their unusual color, however, the mechanism of strawberry color formation, especially light red strawberry color, is not well understood. By EMS mutagenesis of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), we identified two mutants, rg40 and rg120, with light red fruit and yellow-green petiole, and allelic hybridization and BSA mixed-pool sequencing revealed that the phenotype was caused by mutation in the FvPAL2 protein in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Enzyme activity experiments showed that the mutant FvPAL2 protein barely catalyzed the substrate conversion normally, thus blocking anthocyanin synthesis, which in turn led to a decrease in anthocyanin accumulation in fruits and petioles.

Exploiting Geometric Features via Hierarchical Graph Pyramid Transformer for Cancer Diagnosis Using Histopathological Images.

Cancer is widely recognized as the primary cause of mortality worldwide, and pathology analysis plays a pivotal role in achieving accurate cancer diagnosis. The intricate representation of features in histopathological images encompasses abundant information crucial for disease diagnosis, regarding cell appearance, tumor microenvironment, and geometric characteristics. However, recent deep learning methods have not adequately exploited geometric features for pathological image classification due to the absence of effective descriptors that can capture both cell distribution and gathering patterns, which often serve as potent indicators.

FvDFR2 rather than FvDFR1 play key roles for anthocyanin synthesis in strawberry petioles.

The accumulation of anthocyanins can be found in both the fruit and petioles of strawberries, but the fruit appears red while the petioles appear purple-red. Additionally, in the white-fruited diploid strawberries, the petioles can accumulate anthocyanins normally, suggesting a different synthesis pattern between the petioles and fruits. We screened the EMS mutagenized population of a red-fruited diploid strawberry 'Ruegen' and discovered a mutant which showed no anthocyanin accumulation in the petioles but normal accumulation in the fruit.

An arginine-to-histidine mutation in flavanone-3-hydroxylase results in pink strawberry fruits.

Fruit color is a very important external commodity factor for consumers. Compared to the most typical red octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), the pink strawberry often sells for a more expensive price and has a higher economic benefit due to its outstanding color. However, few studies have examined the molecular basis of pink-colored strawberry fruit.

PIFs interact with SWI2/SNF2-related 1 complex subunit 6 to regulate H2A.Z deposition and photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

Light is an essential environmental signal perceived by a broad range of photoreceptors in plants. Among them, the red/far-red light receptor phytochromes function to promote photomorphogenesis, which is critical to the survival of seedlings after seeds germination. The basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are the pivotal direct downstream components of phytochromes.

Comprehensive Identification and Expression Analysis of the YTH Family of RNA-Binding Proteins in Strawberry.

Plant growth and development processes are tightly regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and the RNA-binding protein YTH regulates gene expression during growth and development at the post-transcriptional level by regulating RNA splicing, processing, stability, and translation. We performed a systematic characterization of genes in diploid forest strawberry and identified a total of nine genes. With the help of phylogenetic analysis, these nine genes were found to belong to two different groups, YTHDC and YTHDF, with YTHDF being further subdivided into three subfamilies.

A UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based serum and urine metabolomics approach reveals the mechanism of Gualou-Xiebai herb pair intervention against atherosclerosis process in ApoE mice.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a metabolic disorder commonly correlated with a high-fat diet (HFD). There are many endogenous metabolic changes associated with AS development. Gualou-Xiebai (GLXB) is a traditional Chinese medicine herb pair that has been used to treat AS.

[Compatibility mechanism of Trichosanthis Fructus-Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus combination against atherosclerosis: based on metabolomics and network pharmacology].

This study aims to investigate the compatibility mechanism of Trichosanthis Fructus-Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus combination against atherosclerosis(AS) in apolipoprotein E-deficient(ApoE~(-/-)) mice. To be specific, high-fat diet was used to induce AS in mice. The pathological morphology of mice aorta was evaluated based on hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining.

Deciphering the combination mechanisms of Gualou-Xiebai herb pair against atherosclerosis by network pharmacology and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology.

Gualou ( Maxim)-Xiebai ( Bunge) (GLXB) is a well-known herb pair against atherosclerosis (AS). However, the combination mechanisms of GLXB herb pair against AS remain unclear. To compare the difference in efficacy between GLXB herb pair and the single herbs and to explore the combination mechanisms of GLXB against AS in terms of compounds, targets, and signaling pathways.

The effect of working memory training on situation awareness in a flight simulator.

The close relationship between working memory and situation awareness (SA) has been confirmed and further empirical investigations are lacking. The main aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of working memory training for improving SA. Thirty-eight participants completed a challenging flight scenario in a high-fidelity flight simulator and were randomized into a training group ( = 20) or a control group ( = 18).

Infinite density and relaxation for Lévy walks in an external potential: Hermite polynomial approach.

Lévy walks are continuous-time random-walk processes with a spatiotemporal coupling of jump lengths and waiting times. We here apply the Hermite polynomial method to study the behavior of LWs with power-law walking time density for four different cases. First we show that the known result for the infinite density of an unconfined, unbiased LW is consistently recovered.

Lévy Walk Dynamics in an External Constant Force Field in Non-Static Media.

Based on the recognition of the huge change of the transport properties for diffusion particles in non-static media, we consider a Lévy walk model subjected to an external constant force in non-static media. Since the physical and comoving coordinates of non-static media are related by scale factor, we equivalently transfer the process from physical coordinate into comoving coordinate and derive the master equation governing the probability density function of the position of the particles in comoving coordinate. Utilizing the Hermite orthogonal polynomial expansions, some statistical properties are obtained, including the asymptotic behaviors of the first two moments in both coordinates and kurtosis.

Gaussian process and Lévy walk under stochastic noninstantaneous resetting and stochastic rest.

A stochastic process with movement, return, and rest phases is considered in this paper. For the movement phase, the particles move following the dynamics of the Gaussian process or the ballistic type of Lévy walk, and the time of each movement is random. For the return phase, the particles will move back to the origin with a constant velocity or acceleration or under the action of a harmonic force after each movement, so that this phase can also be treated as a noninstantaneous resetting.

Identification of MBW Complex Components Implicated in the Biosynthesis of Flavonoids in Woodland Strawberry.

Flavonoids belong to the family of polyphenolic secondary metabolites and contribute to fruit quality traits. It has been shown that MBW complexes (MYB-bHLH-WD40) regulate the flavonoids biosynthesis in different plants, but only a limited number of MBW complexes have been identified in strawberry species in general. In this study, we identified 112 R2R3-MYB proteins in woodland strawberry; 12 of them were found to have potential functions in regulating flavonoids biosynthesis by phylogenetic analysis.

Initial performance modulates the effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on inhibitory control.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has received considerable attention as a new option to facilitate cognitive ability or rehabilitation in healthy populations or in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the tDCS effect varies widely, possibly because individual differences in initial performance have frequently been ignored in previous research. Here, we aimed to examine the influence of initial performance on inhibitory control after tDCS.

The effect of initial performance on motion perception improvements is modulated by training method.

Repeated practice of a perceptual task, termed "perceptual learning," can improve visual performance. Previously, the training thresholds were determined in two ways. One is that the stimulus corresponding to a certain level in individually set psychometric functions was selected as the training threshold.

Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 promotes stomatal development through repression of AGB1 inhibition of SPEECHLESS DNA-binding activity.

Cryptochromes are blue light photoreceptors that mediate various light responses in plants and mammals. The heterotrimeric G-protein is known to regulate various physiological processes in plants and mammals. In Arabidopsis, cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and the G-protein β subunit AGB1 act antagonistically to regulate stomatal development.

The influence of 'deliberate' implementation intention on medical students' risk decision task outcomes.

Implementation intention is a kind of behaviour choice strategy in which individuals adopt specific and definite behaviour patterns to achieve behavioural goals. The standard form is 'if something happens, then I will do something'. Previous studies have shown that implementation intention strategy is a fast and effective mental skill with notable advantages.

Lévy walk dynamics in mixed potentials from the perspective of random walk theory.

Lévy walk process is one of the most effective models to describe superdiffusion, which underlies some important movement patterns and has been widely observed in micro- and macrodynamics. From the perspective of random walk theory, here we investigate the dynamics of Lévy walks under the influences of the constant force field and the one combined with harmonic potential. Utilizing Hermite polynomial approximation to deal with the spatiotemporally coupled analysis challenges, some striking features are detected, including non-Gaussian stationary distribution, faster diffusion, still strongly anomalous diffusion, etc.

An event-related potential (ERP) study of the transfer of response inhibition training to interference control.

The classification of inhibitory control and the relationship between the subcomponents of inhibitory control have been the focus of many studies. This study mainly explored the influence of response inhibition training on interference control through event-related potential data. Forty college students were randomly divided into a training group and a control group.

Reduced Contrast Sensitivity Function in Central and Peripheral Vision by Disability Glare.

Various glares can decrease visual performance and cause discomfort, thus increasing drivers' risk for traffic accidents in real life. The current study aimed to systematically investigate glare sensitivity in the central and peripheral visual fields by measuring contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under nonglare, steady glare, and transient glare conditions. Nine observers with normal visual acuity in the dominant eye were enrolled.

The Effect of Response Inhibition Training on Risky Decision-Making Task Performance.

Response inhibition is an important component of executive function and plays an indispensable role in decision-making and other advanced cognitive processes. At the same time, we need an effective way to improve decision-making in the face of complex and limited information. This study mainly explored the influence of response inhibition training on college students' risky decision-making.