Autologous Costal Cartilage Grafting for a Large Osteochondral Lesion of the Femoral Head: A 1-Year Single-Arm Study with 2 Additional Years of Follow-up.

Background: There is currently no ideal treatment for osteochondral lesions of the femoral head (OLFH) in young patients.

Methods: We performed a 1-year single-arm study and 2 additional years of follow-up of patients with a large (defined as >3 cm 2 ) OLFH treated with insertion of autologous costal cartilage graft (ACCG) to restore femoral head congruity after lesion debridement. Twenty patients ≤40 years old who had substantial hip pain and/or dysfunction after nonoperative treatment were enrolled at a single center.

Alcohol-induced inhibition of bone formation and neovascularization contributes to the failure of fracture healing via the miR-19a-3p/FOXF2 axis.

Aims: Alcoholism is a well-known detrimental factor in fracture healing. However, the underlying mechanism of alcohol-inhibited fracture healing remains poorly understood.

Methods: MicroRNA (miR) sequencing was performed on bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

Glucocorticoid-induced expansion of classical monocytes contributes to bone loss.

Classical monocytes are commonly involved in the innate inflammatory response and are the progenitors of osteoclasts. Excess endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) can increase the levels of classical monocytes in blood and bone marrow. The role of this cell population in high-dose exogenous GC-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) remains to be elucidated.

Activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 protects ethanol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rat model.

Objectives: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating disease characterized by destructive bone structures, enlarged adipocyte accumulation and impaired vascularization. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH 2) is the limiting enzyme for ethanol metabolism with many physiological functions. The aim was investigated the potential protective role of activated ALDH 2 by Alda-1 for ethanol-induced ONFH.

Internal fixation using fully threaded cannulated compression screws for fresh femoral neck fractures in adults.

Objectives: Internal fixation with multiple cannulated compression screws is an optional treatment for femoral neck fracture. Recently, fully threaded cannulated compression screws (FTCCS) have been introduced to fix fresh femoral neck fractures (FNF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of FTCCS.

Parietal Lobe Reorganization and Widespread Functional Connectivity Integration in Upper-Limb Amputees: A rs-fMRI Study.

The right parietal lobe plays an important role in body image, and disorders of body image emerge after lesions in the parietal lobe or with parietal lobe epilepsy. Body image disorder also often accompanies upper-limb amputation, in which the patient misperceives that their missing limb is still part of their body. Cortical reorganization is known to occur after upper-limb amputation, but it is not clear how widespread and to what degree functional connectivity (FC) is reorganized post-amputation, nor whether such changes might be related to misperceptions of body image.

Changes in Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Intrinsic Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity in Upper-Limb Amputees: An fMRI Study.

Background: Amputation in adults is a serious procedure or traumatic outcome, one that leads to a possible "remapping" of limb representations (somatotopy) in the motor and sensory cortex. The temporal and spatial extent underlying reorganization of somatotopy is unclear. The aim of this study was to better understand how local and global structural plasticity in sensory-motor cortical networks changes temporally and spatially after upper-limb amputation.

miR-4286 functions in osteogenesis and angiogenesis via targeting histone deacetylase 3 and alleviates alcohol-induced bone loss in mice.

Objectives: Alcohol consumption is one of the leading factors contributing to premature osteopenia. MicroRNA (miRNA) coordinates a cascade of anabolic and catabolic processes in bone homeostasis and dynamic vascularization. The aim was to investigate the protective role of miR-4286 in alcohol-induced bone loss and its mechanism.

Calycosin modulates inflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB pathway and promotes bone formation to ameliorate glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rat.

Glucocorticoid (GC) administration is one of the main causes of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Inflammation, especially the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GC-induced ONFH. Calycosin, the main bioactive extract of Astragali Radix, could substantially regulate the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Contralateral C7 transfer to lower trunk via a subcutaneous tunnel across the anterior surface of the chest and neck for total brachial plexus root avulsion: a cadaveric study.

Background: Restoration of hand function after total brachial plexus root avulsion (tBPRA) is a difficult problem in surgical management. A new modified approach in repairing tBPRA is to use a subcutaneous tunnel across the anterior surface of the chest and neck, and then transfer the contralateral C7 root (cC7) to the lower trunk. However, the anatomical details of this method have not yet been fully described and assessed.

Pain Management during Rehabilitation after Distal Radius Fracture Stabilized with Volar Locking Plate: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Internal fixation with volar locking plate (VLP) was widely adopted as a first-line choice in treatment of distal radius fracture (DRF).

Methods: Total 315 patients with distal radius fracture receiving VLP fixation were included for analysis in this study. The rehabilitation protocol was started immediately after surgery for all patients.

Chronic carpal tunnel syndrome caused by covert tophaceous gout: A case report.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is well recognized as the most common type of peripheral neuropathy. A rare cause of CTS is tophaceous gout. Tophi deposits can accumulate in various structures including the flexor tendons, tendon sheaths, the carpal tunnel floor, transverse carpal ligament, and even the median nerve, causing various symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness.

Collagen type V a2 (COL5A2) is decreased in steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head.

Collagen is essential for bone adhesion and formation. In the present study, proteomic analysis suggested that collagen type V a2 (COL5A2) was significantly decreased in the necrotic area of patients with steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). , the effects of methylprednisolone (MP) on the proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were investigated.

Novel method for restoration of anorectal function following spinal cord injury via nerve transfer in rats.

Objectives: Nerve transfer has been developed to restore partial function after serious nerve injuries, for example, restoring bladder control after spinal cord injury (SCI). Our aim here was to establish a preclinical proof-of-concept model using nerve transfer for restoring anorectal function after SCI.

Setting: We used laminectomy to model SCI, and bilateral spinal ventral and dorsal nerve root anastomosis to re-establish connectivity to the anorectal musculature.

S1 nerve is the most efficient nerve rootlet innervating the anal canal and rectum in rats.

Autonomic and somatic components participate in the defecation process in mammals, combining signals from the brainstem and forebrain. The innervation pattern involved in micturition in rats has been well studied, while defecation has been less studied. The aim of the present study was to identify the most important sensory and motor nerves of the anal canal and rectum involved in defecation.

Results of intercostal nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve in brachial plexus birth palsy.

Background: Intercostal nerve (ICN) transfer has been one of the main extraplexal nerve transfers in treating brachial plexus root avulsion. This retrospective study evaluated results of ICN transfer for reconstruction of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) in brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP).

Methods: Eighteen boys and 6 girls with BPBP, who had avulsion of at least 2 spinal nerves of the plexus, underwent ICN transfer for reconstruction of MCN, from March 2003 to October 2005.

Functional cooperation of of IL-1β and RGS4 in the brachial plexus avulsion mediated brain reorganization.

Backgrounds: There is considerable evidence that central nervous system is continuously modulated by activity, behavior and skill acquisition. This study is to examine the reorganization in cortical and subcortical regions in response to brachial plexus avulsion.

Methods: Adult C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control, 1, 3 and 6 month of brachial plexus avulsion.

[Repaired ulnar nerve and effect on its innervating muscles in rat].

Objective: To study the morphological changes of the rat claw inner skeletal muscle after ulnar nerve injury at different sections and different recovery times.

Methods: Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and placed randomly in seven groups. After establishing model of injury and repair of claw inner skeletal muscle by cutting off the ulnar nerve, the muscle wet weight, cross section area of myocytes, and collagen fibers were measured.

[Anatomy study of MGA in Chinese and its effect on legal expertise].

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the morphology of the Martin-Gruber anastomosis (MGA) in Chinese.

Methods: One hundred and five Chinese upper limbs (36 males and 20 femalese) were dissected to find the connections between medial nerve and ulnar nerve. The MGA was classified as previously described by Lee.