Global Analysis of microRNA-like RNAs Reveals Differential Regulation of Pathogenicity and Development in Causing Apple Replant Disease.

This study investigated the expression profiles of microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) in (), a key pathogen causing Apple replant disease (ARD), across spore to mycelium formation stages. Using small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) and bioinformatics, we identified and analyzed milRNAs, revealing their targeting of 2364 mRNAs involved in 20 functional categories, including metabolic and cellular processes, based on gene ontology (GO) analysis. An analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that these mRNAs are related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways.

Effects of Two Strains on Apple Replant Disease Suppression and Plant Growth Stimulation.

, the pathogen responsible for apple replant disease (ARD), is seriously threatening the apple industry globally. We investigated the antagonistic properties of strains against HS2, aiming to find a biological control solution to minimize the dependence on chemical pesticides. Two of the thirty-one strains assessed through plate confrontation assays, L7 () and M19 (), markedly inhibited = , with inhibition rates of 86.

Characterization of BA-4 and its biocontrol potential against -related apple replant disease.

Apple replant disease (ARD), caused by pathogens, is a formidable threat to the renewal of apple varieties in China, necessitating the development of effective and sustainable control strategies. In this study, the bacterial strain BA-4 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy apple trees in a replanted orchard, demonstrating a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against five crucial apple fungal pathogens. Based on its morphology, physiological and biochemical traits, utilization of carbon sources, and Gram stain, strain BA-4 was tentatively identified as .

Purine metabolism in plant pathogenic fungi.

In eukaryotic cells, purine metabolism is the way to the production of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and plays key roles in various biological processes. Purine metabolism mainly consists of , salvage, and catabolic pathways, and some components of these pathways have been characterized in some plant pathogenic fungi, such as the rice blast fungus and wheat head blight fungus . The enzymatic steps of the pathway are well-conserved in plant pathogenic fungi and play crucial roles in fungal growth and development.

Malus asiatica as a natural host of apple scar skin viroid in China.

Malus asiatica (Rosaceae, Malus) is a small deciduous tree, which has been cultivated in China more than 450 years (Jin, 2019). M. asiatica is deeply favored by consumers because of its sweet taste and high nutritional attributes, rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber (Xue et al, 2013).

Coinfection of Two Mycoviruses Confers Hypovirulence and Reduces the Production of Mycotoxin Alternariol in f. sp. .

leaf blotch caused by apple pathotype () is an important fungal disease that affects the production of apples worldwide. Mycoviruses harbored in plant pathogenic fungi can confer hypovirulence in their hosts and have attracted widespread attention as potential biocontrol tools. In this study, the coinfection of two mycoviruses, named chrysovirus 1 strain QY2 (AaCV1-QY2) and magoulivirus 1 (AaMV1), respectively, were isolated from f.

Ultrasensitive detection of PCB77 based on Exonuclease III-powered DNA walking machine.

In view of the urgent need to determine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment, we report a simple and sensitive electrochemical aptasensor to detect 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) based on Exonuclease III-powered Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) walking machine using poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), which was functionalized hollow porous graphitic carbon nitride/ Ni-Co hollow nanoboxes/ Au-Pd-Pt nanoflowers composite material. Upon the addition of PCB77, the specific binding between PCB77 and the aptamer (Apt) could trigger the Exo III-assisted cyclic amplification process and release unlocking probes to deblock the Swing arm/Blocker duplex. Finally, the hybridized hairpin 3 (HP3), a short oligonucleotide, was left on the electrode via Exo III digestion of hybridized HP2, and thus a strong methylene blue (MB) signal was obtained.

Enters 'Fuji' Apple Cores Through Stylar Fissures.

Apple core rot, an economically important disease worldwide, appears both before and during harvest. Current gaps in understanding of the infection cycle impede progress toward more effective management of this disease. The fungus is the main pathogen of core rot on apple in China.

High Humidity and Age-Dependent Fruit Susceptibility Promote Development of Trichothecium Black Spot on Apple.

Fruit bagging is a widely used orchard practice in China. Trichothecium black spot (TBS) is a disease highly associated with the fruit bagging. In this study, we characterized in vitro factors affecting the causal agent, Trichothecium roseum, and TBS development and infection histology on field-bagged apple fruit in situ.