Insights into the microscopic heterogeneity of whey proteins between yak colostrum and mature milk based on 4D lable-free quantitative phosphoproteomics.

This study aimed to reveal the change patterns of the phosphorylation modification status of yak whey phosphoproteins during lactation and their physiological effects. Herein, we comprehensively characterized whey phosphoproteome in yak colostrum and mature milk using an ultra-high throughput phosphoproteomics approach incorporating trapped ion mobility technology. A total of 344 phosphorylation sites from 206 phosphoproteins were identified, with individual site modification predominating.

Disruptions of Gut Microbiota are Associated with Cognitive Deficit of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. The early change of gut microbiota is a potential biomarker for preclinical AD patients.

Objective: The study aimed to explore changes in gut microbiota characteristics in preclinical AD patients, including those with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and detect the correlation between gut microbiota characteristics and cognitive performances.

Meta-analysis on GLP-1 mediated modulation of autophagy in islet β-cells: Prospectus for improved wound healing in type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus refers to a significantly challenging health disease due to its high prevalence and risk of other chronic diseases across the world. Notably, GLP-1 has been recognized to enhance the treatment of T2DM, along with this, GLP-1 is also involved in autophagy modulation. However, ineffectiveness of few analogue types can limit the efficacy of this treatment.

Effect of liraglutide on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

Background: Liraglutide widely utilized in type 2 diabetes treatment, has elicited conflicting findings regarding its impact on cardiac function in patients with this condition. Therefore, The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on cardiac function in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We identified double-blind randomized trials assessing the effects of liraglutide compared to placebo on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

HS-SPME-GC-MS Combined with Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Identification to Analyze the Effect of LPL on Yak Milk's Flavor under Different Storage Temperatures and Times.

Flavor is a crucial parameter for assessing the sensory quality of yak milk. However, there is limited information regarding the factors influencing its taste. In this study, the effects of endogenous lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on the volatile flavor components of yak milk under storage conditions of 4 °C, 18 °C and 65 °C were analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) combined with orthogonal partial least-squares (OPSL) discrimination, and the reasons for the changes in yak milk flavors were investigated.

Pseudo-targeted lipidomics insights into lipid discrepancies between yak colostrum and mature milk based on UHPLC-Qtrap-MS.

Yak milk is essential to maintain the normal physiological functions of herders in Tibetan areas of China. However, the lipid components of yak colostrum (YC) and mature milk (YM) have not been systematically studied. We employed a quantitative lipidomics to comprehensively describe the alterations in the milk lipid profile of lactating yaks.

Screening of NML21 and Its Maintenance on Postharvest Quality of through Anti-Browning and Mitigation of Oxidative Damage.

Browning and other undesirable effects on () during storage seriously affect its commercial value. In this study, a strain, NML21, that resists browning and delays the deterioration of was screened among 72 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and its preservative effect was analyzed. The results demonstrated that gallic acid, catechin, and protocatechuic acid promoted the growth of NML21, and the strain conversion rates of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid reached 97.

Enhancing biofilm penetration and antibiofilm efficacy with protein nanocarriers against pathogenic biofilms.

Nanocarriers play an important role in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics against biofilms by improving their penetration and prolonging retention in pathogenic biofilms. Herein, the multifunctional nanocarriers including nanospheres (NS) and nanotubes (NT) with a high biocompatibility and biodegradability were prepared through self-assembly of partially hydrolyzed α-lactalbumin. The effects of these two different shaped nanocarriers on the delivery of antibiotics for biofilm treatment were examined by conducting in vitro antibiofilm experiment and in vivo infected wound model.

Norisoboldine, a Natural Isoquinoline Alkaloid, Inhibits Diaphyseal Fracture Healing in Mice by Alleviating Cartilage Formation.

Norisoboldine (NOR), the major isoquinoline alkaloid constituent of a Chinese traditional medicine Radix Linderae, has been demonstrated to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and improve arthritis. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of NOR on bone fracture healing and the underlying mechanisms correlated with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiation to chondrocytes. Our results showed that NOR inhibits the tibia fracture healing process by suppressing cartilage formation, which leads to less endochondral ossification, indicated by less osterix and collage I signaling at the fracture site.

Analysis of the effect of Tenebrio Molitor rennet on the flavor formation of Cheddar cheese during ripening based on gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS).

This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of Tenebrio Molitor rennet (TMR) in Cheddar cheese production, and to use gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) to monitor flavor compounds and fingerprints of cheese during ripening. The results indicated that Cheddar cheese prepared from TMR (T) has fat content significantly lower than that of commercial rennet (C) (p < 0.05).

Intelligent personalized diagnosis modeling in advanced medical system for Parkinson's disease using voice signals.

Currently, machine learning methods have been utilized to realize the early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) by using voice signals. Because the vocal system of each person is unique, and the same person's pronunciation can be different at different times, the training samples used in machine learning become very different from the speech signal of the patient to be diagnosed, frequently resulting in poor diagnostic performance. On this account, this paper presents a new intelligent personalized diagnosis method (PDM) for Parkinson's disease.

Nobiletin Improves D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Protein Homeostasis.

Sarcopenia, a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function caused by aging, impairs mobility, raises the risk of fractures, diabetes, and other illnesses, and severely affects a senior's quality of life. Nobiletin (Nob), polymethoxyl flavonoid, has various biological effects, such as anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor properties. In this investigation, we hypothesized that Nob potentially regulates protein homeostasis to prevent and treat sarcopenia.

Extended Control with Hybrid Gaze-BCI for Multi-Robot System under Hands-occupied Dual-tasking.

Currently there still remains a critical need of human involvements for multi-robot system (MRS) to successfully perform their missions in real-world applications, and the hand-controller has been commonly used for the operator to input MRS control commands. However, in more challenging scenarios involving concurrent MRS control and system monitoring tasks, where the operator's both hands are busy, the hand-controller alone is inadequate for effective human-MRS interaction. To this end, our study takes a first step toward a multimodal interface by extending the hand-controller with a hands-free input based on gaze and brain-computer interface (BCI), i.

Research on bacterial community characteristics of traditional fermented yak milk in the Tibetan Plateau based on high-throughput sequencing.

Background: The Tibetan Plateau has an abundance of yak milk resources. The complex microbiota found in traditional fermented yak milk produced and sold by local Tibetans endows the yak milk with unique quality characteristics such as tissue morphology, flavor, and function. However, the diversity of bacterial flora in traditional fermented yak milk have not been elucidated.

Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of BB68S.

Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability.

Microbial Diversity and Volatile Flavor Compounds in Tibetan Flavor .

In this study, the microbial diversity in Tibetan flavor was analyzed based on single molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT). The volatile flavor compounds in were detected using the headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). In addition, the correlation between various microbes and volatile flavor compounds was explored.

Response Surface Optimization of Solar Drying Conditions and the Effect on the Quality Attributes and Drying Characteristics of Qula Casein.

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential application of a mixed-mode solar dryer to Qula dehydration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. A three-factor five-level central composite rotatable design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the influences of drying process variables on quality attributes in terms of lipid oxidation [peroxide (POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS)] and Maillard reaction (5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-HMF). The impact of drying temperature (30−50 °C), material thickness (5−15 mm), and wind velocity (0.

Influence of native cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and soluble cellodextrin on inhibition of starch digestibility.

Cellulose is a major component of dietary fiber and it is proved to influence starch digestibility. The effects of native cellulose (NC), microcrystalline cellulose (MC), soluble cellodextrin (SC) on starch digestion have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, three types of cellulose with representative molecular weights (NC, 422500 Da; MC, 27750 Da; SC, 2202 Da) were prepared and their effects on starch digestion, glucose diffusion, α-amylase and amyloglucosidase activity were compared.

Influence of Tissue Type on the Bacterial Diversity and Community in Pork Bacon.

In current study, bacterial diversity and community in different tissues of pork bacon were determined using high-throughput sequencing. In total, six phyla and 111 bacterial genera were identified. Among them, three dominant genera (, , and ) were shared by all bacon samples.

Comparison of the Nutritional Composition of Bullfrog Meat from Different Parts of the Animal.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional content of bullfrog meat from different parts of the animal, including fore-chest, thigh and calf. Bullfrog meat was found to be a rich source of proteins, essential amino acids and minerals, but with a low fat content, compared with other aquatic meat products. There was no significant difference (p>0.

A Novel Method for Stabilizing Zein Gel Particles to Salt Ion-Induced Aggregation.

The destabilization of zein gel particles by salt ions seriously limits their practical application. In this study, zein gel particles exhibiting excellent stability to salt ions were developed by grafting gum arabic with tannic acid. Gum arabic (GA) was first coated onto the surface of zein gel particles, followed by addition of tannic acid to further reinforce non-covalent cross-linking between GA and the zein gel particle surface.

Effect of anthocyanin-absorbed whey protein microgels on physicochemical and textural properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese.

Reduced-fat foods have become more popular due to their health benefits; however, reducing the fat content of food affects the sensory experience. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sensory acceptance of reduced-fat foods to that of full-fat equivalents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding whey protein microgels (WPM) with an average diameter of 4 μm, or WPM with adsorbed anthocyanins [WPM (Ant)] on the textural and sensory properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese (RFC).

The influence of yak casein micelle size on rennet-induced coagulation properties.

Background: Yak milk formed stronger rennet-induced gels if the milk contained smalled casein micelles and a higher concentration of calcium. Also casein gels could formed after a shorter incubation time if the milk contained smalled casein micelles. The objective of this study was to estimate the importance of yak casein micelle size on rennet-induced coagulation properties.