ATP-binding cassette transporter TaABCG2 contributes to Fusarium head blight resistance by mediating salicylic acid transport in wheat.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters hydrolyse ATP to transport various substrates. Previous studies have shown that ABC transporters are responsible for transporting plant hormones and heavy metals, thus contributing to plant immunity. Herein, we identified a wheat G-type ABC transporter, TaABCG2-5B, that responds to salicylic acid (SA) treatment and is induced by Fusarium graminearum, the primary pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB).

Discovery of novel pyrazoline derivatives containing methyl-1H-indole moiety as potential inhibitors for blocking APC-Asef interactions.

A series of novel pyrazoline derivatives containing methyl-1H-indole moiety were discovered as potential inhibitors for blocking APC-Asef interactions. The top hit Q19 suggested potency of inhibiting APC-Asef interactions and attractive preference for human-sourced colorectal cells. It was already comparable with the previous representative and the positive control Regorafenib before further pharmacokinetic optimization.

Encodes a Cell Wall Mannoprotein Conferring Sensitivity to Salicylic Acid and Virulence to Wheat.

causes head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of wheat. Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the resistance of wheat to . Cell wall mannoprotein (CWM) is known to trigger defense responses in plants, but its role in the pathogenicity of remains unclear.

Re-acquisition of the brittle rachis trait via a transposon insertion in domestication gene Q during wheat de-domestication.

De-domestication is a unique evolutionary process during which crops re-acquire wild-like traits to survive and persist in agricultural fields without the need for human cultivation. The re-acquisition of seed dispersal mechanisms is crucial for crop de-domestication. Common wheat is an important cereal crop worldwide.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-H pyrazole derivatives containing morpholine moieties as highly potent small molecule inhibitors of APC-Asef interaction.

Mutated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) selectively combining with Asef has been reported to be implicated in promoting colon cancer proliferation, invasion and metastasis in several cancer biotherapy studies. However, there were universally resistance and harsh terms in disrupting APC-Asef interaction in biotherapy. Under the circumstances small-molecule inhibitors as the new APC interface could resolve the problems.

Transcriptional reference map of hormone responses in wheat spikes.

Background: Phytohormones are key regulators of plant growth, development, and signalling networks involved in responses to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcriptional reference maps of hormone responses have been reported for several model plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Brachypodium distachyon. However, because of species differences and the complexity of the wheat genome, these transcriptome data are not appropriate reference material for wheat studies.

Dihydropyrazole Derivatives Containing Benzo Oxygen Heterocycle and Sulfonamide Moieties Selectively and Potently Inhibit COX-2: Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Colon Cancer Activity Evaluation.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as a rate-limiting metabolism enzyme of arachidonic acid has been found to be implicated in tumor occurrence, angiogenesis, metastasis as well as apoptosis inhibition, regarded as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In our research, a series of dihydropyrazole derivatives containing benzo oxygen heterocycle and sulfonamide moieties were designed as highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors by computer-aided drug analysis of known COX-2 inhibitors. A total of 26 compounds were synthesized and evaluated COX-2 inhibition and pharmacological efficiency both in vitro and in vivo with multi-angle of view.

Functional Analysis of Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat () Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a key defense hormone associated with wheat resistance against Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease mainly caused by . Although can metabolize SA, it remains unclear how this metabolic activity affects the wheat⁻ interaction. In this study, we identified a salicylate hydroxylase gene (; ) in .

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene Is Required for Its Transportation of Salicylic Acid, Fungicide Resistance, Mycelial Growth and Pathogenicity towards Wheat.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters hydrolyze ATP to transport a wide range of substrates. is a major causal agent of Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease in wheat worldwide. () encodes an ABC-C (ABC transporter family C) transporter in , which was highly expressed during the infection in wheat and was up-regulated by the plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the fungicide tebuconazole.

Mechanisms of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain storage proteins in response to nitrogen application and its impacts on processing quality.

Basis for the effects of nitrogen (N) on wheat grain storage proteins (GSPs) and on the establishment of processing quality are far from clear. The response of GSPs and processing quality parameters to four N levels of four common wheat cultivars were investigated at two sites over two growing seasons. Except gluten index (GI), processing quality parameters as well as GSPs quantities were remarkably improved by increasing N level.

Alternative splicing results in a lack of starch synthase IIa-D in Chinese wheat landrace.

We evaluated the SGP-1 protein composition of 368 Chinese wheat landraces using SDS-PAGE. The SGP-D1 null type was identified in three accessions (Xiaoqingmang, Pushanbamai, and P119). An 18-bp deletion and 9-bp variation were found at the junction region of the 7th intron and 8th exon, leading to deletion of the intron-exon junction recognition site AG when aligned the 8261-bp DNA sequence of TaSSIIa-D in Pushanbamai with that of Chinese Spring.

An Overexpressed Allele Leads to Increased Spike Density and Improved Processing Quality in Common Wheat ().

Spike density and processing quality are important traits in modern wheat production and are controlled by multiple gene loci. The associated genes have been intensively studied and new discoveries have been constantly reported during the past few decades. However, no gene playing a significant role in the development of these two traits has been identified.

Linoleic acid isomerase gene FgLAI12 affects sensitivity to salicylic acid, mycelial growth and virulence of Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium graminearum is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat, a serious disease worldwide. Linoleic acid isomerase (LAI) catalyses the transformation of linoleic acid (LA) to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which is beneficial for human health. We characterised a cis-12 LAI gene of F.

Transposon insertion resulted in the silencing of Wx-B1n in Chinese wheat landraces.

A novel Wx-B1 allele was characterized; a transposon insertion resulted in the loss of its function, which is different from the previously reported gene silencing mechanisms at the Wx-B1 locus. The waxy protein composition of 53 Chinese wheat landraces was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; of these, 10 did not show the expression of Wx-A1 (four accession) or Wx-B1 (six accessions) protein. The results of molecular marker detection revealed that the Wx-B1 allele (Wx-B1n) showed normal expression, inconsistent with the findings of SDS-PAGE for the Xiaobaipi accession.

Characterization and expression analyses of the H⁺-pyrophosphatase gene in rye.

The H⁺-pyrophosphatase (H⁺-PPase) gene plays an important role in maintaining intracellular proton gradients. Here, we characterized the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) and DNA of the H⁺-PPase gene ScHP1 in rye (Secale cereale L. 'Qinling').

Identification of QTLs associated with tissue culture response of mature wheat embryos.

Mature embryo is an excellent explant for tissue culture as it is convenient to be obtained without limitation of growing seasons and development stages. However, regeneration ability of the calli from wheat mature embryos is limited, thus hindering its application. To identify genes associated with the tissue culture response (TCR) of wheat, QTLs for callus induction from mature embryos and callus regeneration were detected using a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between a synthetic hexaploid wheat genotype, SHW-L1 and a commercial cultivar Chuanmai 32.

A super twin T-DNA vector that allows independent gene expression during Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

In this study, we designed and constructed a super twin T-DNA vector (pTRIDT313-g) containing two independent T-DNA cassettes-one for the selection gene Hyg and the other for the target gene Gus-to produce marker-free transgenic lines. The resulting vector was transformed into tobacco, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed four types of gene combinations in the T and T generations: Gus only, Hyg only, Gus+Hyg, and untransformed lines. The intermediate region from the T-DNA of the right border of Hyg to the left border of Gus in the Hyg and Gus lines was not amplified.

Indole-3-acetic acid in Fusarium graminearum: Identification of biosynthetic pathways and characterization of physiological effects.

Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogenic fungus causing fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat. This fungus can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and a very large amount of IAA accumulates in wheat head tissues during the first few days of infection by F. graminearum.

Structure and expression analysis of genes encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit in wheat and its relatives.

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which consists of two large subunits (AGP-L) and two small subunits (AGP-S), controls the rate-limiting step in the starch biosynthetic pathway. In this study, a full-length open reading frame (ORF) of AGP-L gene (named as Agp2) in wheat and a series of Agp2 gene sequences in wheat relatives were isolated. The coding region of Agp2 contained 15 exons and 14 introns including a full-length ORF of 1566 nucleotides, and the deduced protein contained 522 amino acids (57.

Structure and expression of phosphoglucan phosphatase genes of Like Sex Four1 and Like Sex Four2 in barley.

Phosphoglucan phosphatases (Like-SEX4 1 and 2; LSF1 and LSF2) were reported to play roles in starch metabolism in leaves of Arabidopsis. In this study, we identified and mapped the LSF1 and LSF2 genes in barley (HvLSF1 and HvLSF2), characterized their gene and protein structures, predicted the cis-elements of their promoters, and analysed their expression patterns. HvLSF1 and HvLSF2 were mapped on the long arm of chromosome 1H (1HL) and 5H (5HL), respectively.