Caloric Restriction Induces MicroRNAs to Improve Mitochondrial Proteostasis.

Both caloric restriction (CR) and mitochondrial proteostasis are linked to longevity, but how CR maintains mitochondrial proteostasis in mammals remains elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known for gene silencing in cytoplasm and have recently been identified in mitochondria, but knowledge regarding their influence on mitochondrial function is limited. Here, we report that CR increases miRNAs, which are required for the CR-induced activation of mitochondrial translation, in mouse liver.

Quantitative proteomics reveals mitochondrial respiratory chain as a dominant target for carbon ion radiation: Delayed reactive oxygen species generation caused DNA damage.

Heavy ion radiotherapy has shown great promise for cancer therapy. Understanding the cellular response mechanism to heavy ion radiation is required to explore measures of overcoming devastating side effects. Here, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis to investigate the mechanism of carbon ion irradiation on human AHH-1 lymphoblastoid cells.

[Chemical Constituents with Anti-hypoxia Activity from Saussurea involucrata].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents with anti-hypoxia activity from Saussurea involucrata.

Methods: The chemical constituents, isolated and purified by column chromatography from Saussurea involucrata, were identified by several spectroscopic methods. The anti-hypoxic activities of these compounds were examined using the normobaric hypoxic model of mice.

[Protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions.

Method: The PESI dosage-dependent experiment for hypoxia rats was conducted under constant pressure and closed conditions by intraperitoneally injecting 125, 250, 500 mg x kg(-1) to finalize that the optimum dosage is the high dose of PESI. Afterwards, 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the hypoxic model group, the acetazolamide 250 mg x kg(-1) group and the PESI high dose group.

[Effect of ethanol extract from Saussurea involucrata on biochemical indicators of simulated high-altitude hypoxia induced mice].

Objective: To estimate the effect of ethanol extract from Saussurea involucrata (EES) on biochemical indicators of simulated high-altitude hypoxia induced mice and its mechanism.

Methods: The oxidative stress indicator( MDA content, SOD activity) and metabolism parameters (LD content, LDH activity, ATP content, Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase activity) in both brain and heart of the simulated high-altitude hypoxia induced mice were detected.

Results: Compared with the model group, the ESS group could significantly increase the activity of SOD and LDH and decrease the content of MDA and LD in both brain and heart, the content of ATP and the activity of Na+ -K -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase were also elevated.

5,6-Dihy-droxy-7,8-di-meth-oxy-flavone.

5,6-dihy-droxy-7,8-dimeth-oxy-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one), C17H14O6, is a flavone that was isolated from the petroleum ether-soluble fraction of the rare traditional Chinese medicinal herb Saussurea involucrata. The flavone mol-ecule is almost planar, with a dihedral angle between the planes of the benzo-pyran-4-one group and the attached phenyl group of 1.89 (6)°.

The antioxidative effect of a novel free radical scavenger 4'-hydroxyl-2-substituted phenylnitronyl nitroxide in acute high-altitude hypoxia mice.

Acute mountain sickness is caused by sub-acute hypoxia in healthy individuals going rapidly to altitude. Both tissue hypoxia in vitro and whole-body hypoxia in vivo have been found to promote the release of reactive oxygen species. Nitronyl nitroxide can trap free radicals such as ·NO or ·OH, and may therefore be efficient protective agents.

Simultaneous determination of four shanzhiside methylester derivatives in rabbit plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of shanzhiside methylester and its three derivatives in rabbit plasma. The method showed good linearity and no endogenous material interfered with the marked compounds and internal standard (IS) capatol peaks. Samples were processed by acetonitrile precipitation.

2-[3-Hy-droxy-4-(2-hy-droxy-eth-oxy)phen-yl]-4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-2-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide.

In the title compound, C(15)H(21)N(2)O(5), the imidazoline ring displays a twisted conformation. The mean plane of the imidazoline ring makes a dihedral angle of 22.55 (5)° with the benzene ring.

2-[2-(2-Hy-droxy-eth-oxy)phen-yl]-4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-2-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide.

In the title compound, C(15)H(21)N(2)O(4), the nitronyl nitroxide unit displays a twisted conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by non-classical C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π hydrogen bonds, which build up a three-dimensional network.

Anti-hypoxic activity at simulated high altitude was isolated in petroleum ether extract of Saussurea involucrata.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rhodiola algida, Saussurea involucrata, and other herbs grown in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau have long been used to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness.

Aim Of The Study: To screen and identify the anti-hypoxic constituents in the herbs grown in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau of Northwestern China.

Materials And Methods: The anti-hypoxic activities of 20 selected plateau herbs were examined against two positive controls, Rhodiola algida and acetazolamide, using the normobaric hypoxia model of mice.

Phytochemical and biological studies of plants from the genus Meconopsis.

In this review, the literature data on the phytochemical and biological investigations on the genus of Meconopsis are summarized from 49 references. Up to now, more than 95 compounds were isolated from 19 Meconopsis plant species. The chemical constituents are mostly alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and terpenes, together with minor constituents of essential oil, and others.

HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS separation, determination and identification of the spin-labeled diastereoisomers of podophyllotoxin.

Spin-labeled nitroxide derivatives of podophyllotoxin had better antitumor activity and less toxicity than that of the parent compounds. However, the 2-H configurations of these spin-labeled derivatives cannot be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. In the present paper, a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS) method were developed and validated for the separation, identification of four pairs of diastereoisomers of spin-labeled derivatives of podophyllotoxin at C-2 position.

Separation, determination and identification of the diastereoisomers of podophyllotoxin and its esters by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid and stable high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS) method were developed and validated for the separation, determination, and identification of eight pairs of diastereoisomers of podophyllotoxin and its esters at C-2 position. The separation was carried out on BDS Hypersil C18 column with CH3OH-CH3CN-H2O as the mobile phase in a gradient program. Interestingly, every 2alpha-H compound migrated before its corresponding 2beta-H epimer under optimum conditions.