Facet-switching of rate-determining step on copper in CO-to-ethylene electroreduction.

Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) by renewable electricity to produce multicarbon chemicals, such as ethylene (CH), continues to be a challenge because of insufficient Faradaic efficiency, low production rates, and complex mechanistic pathways. Here, we report that the rate-determining steps (RDS) on common copper (Cu) surfaces diverge in CO electroreduction, leading to distinct catalytic performances. Through a combination of experimental and computational studies, we reveal that C─C bond-making is the RDS on Cu(100), whereas the protonation of *CO with adsorbed water becomes rate-limiting on Cu(111) with a higher energy barrier.

Meta-Analysis of Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent type of hair loss that impacts individuals of both genders. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and minoxidil have been employed as therapeutic interventions for AGA, yet the efficacy of their concurrent use remains ambiguous.

Objective: To perform a comprehensive review and meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in combination with minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA).

Unraveling Stoichiometry Effect in Nickel-Tungsten Alloys for Efficient Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysis in Alkaline Electrolytes.

Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells provide the possibility to use platinum group metal-free catalysts, but the anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) suffers from sluggish kinetics and its source is still debated. Here, over nickel-tungsten (Ni-W) alloy catalysts, we show that the Ni : W ratio greatly governs the HOR performance in alkaline electrolyte. Experimental and theoretical studies unravel that alloying with W can tune the unpaired electrons in Ni, tailoring the potential of zero charge and the catalytic surface to favor hydroxyl adsorption (OH).

Gerhardtite as a Precursor to an Efficient CO-to-Acetate Electroreduction Catalyst.

Carbon-carbon coupling electrochemistry on a conventional copper (Cu) catalyst still undergoes low selectivity among many different multicarbon (C) chemicals, posing a grand challenge to achieve a single C product. Here, we demonstrate a laser irradiation synthesis of a gerhardtite mineral, Cu(OH)NO, as a catalyst precursor to make a Cu catalyst with abundant stacking faults under reducing conditions. Such structural perturbation modulates electronic microenvironments of Cu, leading to improved d-electron back-donation to the antibonding orbital of *CO intermediates and thus strengthening *CO adsorption.

Efficient NH-Tolerant Nickel-Based Hydrogen Oxidation Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

Converting hydrogen chemical energy into electrical energy by fuel cells offers high efficiencies and environmental advantages, but ultrapure hydrogen (over 99.97%) is required; otherwise, the electrode catalysts, typically platinum on carbon (Pt/C), will be poisoned by impurity gases such as ammonia (NH). Here we demonstrate remarkable NH resistivity over a nickel-molybdenum alloy (MoNi) modulated by chromium (Cr) dopants.

Enrichment of reactants and intermediates for electrocatalytic CO reduction.

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) presents a sustainable route to convert renewable electricity to value-added fuels and feedstocks in the form of chemical energy. However, the selectivity and rate of conversion of CO to desirable carbon-based products, especially multicarbon products, remain below the requirement for its implementation at the commercial scale, which primarily originates from inadequate reactants and intermediates near catalytic surfaces during the CORR. The enrichment of reactants and intermediates provides one of the coping guidelines to improve CORR performance by accelerating the reaction rate and improving product selectivity.

Interfacial Engineering of Ni/V O Heterostructure Catalyst for Boosting Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Electrolytes.

Alkaline fuel cells can permit the adoption of platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts and cheap bipolar plates, thus further lowering the cost. With the exploration of PGM-free hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts, nickel-based compounds have been considered as the most promising HOR catalysts in alkali. Here we report an interfacial engineering through the formation of nickel-vanadium oxide (Ni/V O ) heterostructures to activate Ni for efficient HOR catalysis in alkali.

Screening of antibacterial compounds with novel structure from the FDA approved drugs using machine learning methods.

Bacterial infection is one of the most important factors affecting the human life span. Elderly people are more harmed by bacterial infections due to their deficits in immunity. Because of the lack of new antibiotics in recent years, bacterial resistance has increasingly become a serious problem globally.

Stabilizing indium sulfide for CO electroreduction to formate at high rate by zinc incorporation.

Recently developed solid-state catalysts can mediate carbon dioxide (CO) electroreduction to valuable products at high rates and selectivities. However, under commercially relevant current densities of > 200 milliamperes per square centimeter (mA cm), catalysts often undergo particle agglomeration, active-phase change, and/or element dissolution, making the long-term operational stability a considerable challenge. Here we report an indium sulfide catalyst that is stabilized by adding zinc in the structure and shows dramatically improved stability.

Strongly Coupled Cobalt Diselenide Monolayers for Selective Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to H O under Acidic Conditions.

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H O ) in the acidic environment could largely prevent its decomposition to water, but efficient catalysts that constitute entirely earth-abundant elements are lacking. Here we report the experimental demonstration of narrowing the interlayer gap of metallic cobalt diselenide (CoSe ), which creates high-performance catalyst to selectively drive two-electron oxygen reduction toward H O in an acidic electrolyte. The enhancement of the interlayer coupling between CoSe atomic layers offers a favorable surface electronic structure that weakens the critical *OOH adsorption, promoting the energetics for H O production.

Ternary nickel-tungsten-copper alloy rivals platinum for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen oxidation.

Operating fuel cells in alkaline environments permits the use of platinum-group-metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts and inexpensive bipolar plates, leading to significant cost reduction. Of the PGM-free catalysts explored, however, only a few nickel-based materials are active for catalyzing the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkali; moreover, these catalysts deactivate rapidly at high anode potentials owing to nickel hydroxide formation. Here we describe that a nickel-tungsten-copper (NiWCu) ternary alloy showing HOR activity rivals Pt/C benchmark in alkaline electrolyte.

An Efficient Turing-Type Ag Se-CoSe Multi-Interfacial Oxygen-Evolving Electrocatalyst*.

Although the Turing structures, or stationary reaction-diffusion patterns, have received increasing attention in biology and chemistry, making such unusual patterns on inorganic solids is fundamentally challenging. We report a simple cation exchange approach to produce Turing-type Ag Se on CoSe nanobelts relied on diffusion-driven instability. The resultant Turing-type Ag Se-CoSe material is highly effective to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes with an 84.

Systematic metabolic analysis of potential target, therapeutic drug, diagnostic method and animal model applicability in three neurodegenerative diseases.

Considerable evidence suggests that metabolic abnormalities are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to conduct a systematic metabolic analysis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Human and mouse model microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.

Protecting Copper Oxidation State via Intermediate Confinement for Selective CO Electroreduction to C Fuels.

Selective and efficient catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added fuels and feedstocks provides an ideal avenue to high-density renewable energy storage. An impediment to enabling deep CO reduction to oxygenates and hydrocarbons (e.g.

High-Curvature Transition-Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures with a Pronounced Proximity Effect Enable Fast and Selective CO Electroreduction.

A considerable challenge in the conversion of carbon dioxide into useful fuels comes from the activation of CO to CO or other intermediates, which often requires precious-metal catalysts, high overpotentials, and/or electrolyte additives (e.g., ionic liquids).

Polymorphic cobalt diselenide as extremely stable electrocatalyst in acidic media via a phase-mixing strategy.

Many platinum group metal-free inorganic catalysts have demonstrated high intrinsic activity for diverse important electrode reactions, but their practical use often suffers from undesirable structural degradation and hence poor stability, especially in acidic media. We report here an alkali-heating synthesis to achieve phase-mixed cobalt diselenide material with nearly homogeneous distribution of cubic and orthorhombic phases. Using water electroreduction as a model reaction, we observe that the phase-mixed cobalt diselenide reaches the current density of 10 milliamperes per square centimeter at overpotential of mere 124 millivolts in acidic electrolyte.