Preliminary study on the short-term changes of pulmonary perfusion after a single balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Little is known about immediate responses of blood perfusion to the balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) procedure.

Objectives: To investigate the changes in pulmonary perfusion of balloon-dilated vessels and untreated vessels with before, immediately after a single BPA and at follow-up.

Design: Retrospective single-center cohort study.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reductive Cleavage of Unstrained Aryl-Aryl Bonds: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study.

Cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds has been found in some important industrial processes, for example, petroleum cracking, and has inspired development of numerous synthetic methods. However, nonpolar unstrained C(aryl)-C(aryl) bonds remain one of the toughest bonds to be activated. As a detailed study of a fundamental reaction mode, here a full story is described about our development of a Ru-catalyzed reductive cleavage of unstrained C(aryl)-C(aryl) bonds.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkyne/Benzocyclobutenone Coupling: C-C Bond Cleavage via a Tetrahedral Dicobalt Intermediate.

A Co(0)-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne/benzocyclobutenone coupling through C-C cleavage of benzocyclobutenones is described. Co(CO)/P[3, 5-(CF)CH] was discovered to be an effective metal/ligand combination, which exhibits complementary catalytic activity to the previously established rhodium catalyst. In particular, the C8-substituted substrates failed in the Rh system, but succeeded with the Co catalysis.

"Cut and Sew" Transformations via Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation.

The transition metal-catalyzed "cut and sew" transformation has recently emerged as a useful strategy for preparing complex molecular structures. After oxidative addition of a transition metal into a carbon-carbon bond, the resulting two carbon termini can be both functionalized in one step via the following migratory insertion and reductive elimination with unsaturated units, such as alkenes, alkynes, allenes, CO and polar multiple bonds. Three- or four-membered rings are often employed as reaction partners due to their high ring strains.

Release and Degradation of Microencapsulated Spinosad and Emamectin Benzoate.

The dynamics of release and degradation of the microencapsulation formulation containing spinosad (SP) and emamectin benzoate (EM) were evaluated in the present study. SP and EM were microencapsulated using biodegradable poly-lactic acid (PLA) as the wall material. Their release from and degradation within the prepared SP and EM microspheres (SP-EM-microspheres) were studied.

Efficient Benzimidazolidinone Synthesis via Rhodium-Catalyzed Double-Decarbonylative C-C Activation/Cycloaddition between Isatins and Isocyanates.

The first decarbonylative cycloaddition of less-strained cyclic ketones (isatins) with isocyanates is reported. Initiated by C-C activation, this distinct [5-2+2] transformation provides a rapid entry to access various benzimidazolidinone derivatives, through which a wide range of isocyanates can be efficiently coupled with broad functional group tolerance. A modified one-pot process, combining Curtius rearrangement and C-C activation, was also achieved by using acyl azides as the starting materials.

Cyclobutenones and Benzocyclobutenones: Versatile Synthons in Organic Synthesis.

Cyclobutenones, four-membered ketones bearing an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, and their structural sibling benzocyclobutenones, possess unique reactivity. Owing to their inherent high ring strain, such structures readily undergo ring opening under a variety of conditions, including thermolysis, photolysis, and transition metal catalysis, to afford reactive intermediates that can be trapped with nucleophiles, dienophiles, and unsaturated bonds. Their electron-deficient enone moieties are good electrophiles for facile nucleophilic addition.

Rh-catalyzed Reagent-Free Ring Expansion of Cyclobutenones and Benzocyclobutenones.

Here we report a reagent-free rhodium-catalyzed ring-expansion reaction via C-C cleavage of cyclobutenones. A variety of poly-substituted cyclopentenones and 1-indanones can be synthesized from simple cyclobutenones and benzocyclobutenones. The reaction condition is near pH neutral without additional oxidants or reductants.

Concise Synthesis of Functionalized Benzocyclobutenones.

A concise approach to access functionalized benzocyclobutenones from 3-halophenol derivatives is described. This modified synthesis employs a [2+2] cycloaddition between benzynes generated from dehydrohalogenation of aryl halides using LiTMP and acetaldehyde enolate generated from -BuLi and THF, followed by oxidation of the benzocyclobutenol intermediates to provide benzocyclobutenones. The [2+2] reaction can be run on a 10-gram scale with an increased yield.

Divergent syntheses of fused β-naphthol and indene scaffolds by rhodium-catalyzed direct and decarbonylative alkyne-benzocyclobutenone couplings.

A tunable rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne insertion reaction proceeding through the CC cleavage of benzocyclobutenones is described. Selective formation of either the direct or decarbonylative insertion product can be controlled by using different catalytic systems. A variety of fused β-naphthol and indene scaffolds were obtained in good yields with high functional group tolerance.

Preparation and physicochemical characteristics of polylactide microspheres of emamectin benzoate by modified solvent evaporation/extraction method.

Emamectin benzoate is highly effective against insect pests and widely used in the world. However, its biological activity is limited because of high resistance of target insects and rapid degradation speed in fields. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of degradable microcapsules of emamectin benzoate were studied by modified solvent evaporation/extraction method using polylactide (PLA) as wall material.