Signaling roles of sphingolipids in the ischemic brain and their potential utility as therapeutic targets.

Sphingolipids comprise a class of lipids, which are composed of a sphingoid base backbone and are essential structural components of cell membranes. Beyond their role in maintaining cellular integrity, several sphingolipids are pivotally involved in signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. The brain exhibits a particularly high concentration of sphingolipids and dysregulation of the sphingolipid metabolism due to ischemic injury is implicated in consecutive pathological events.

NPSR1 promotes chronic colitis through regulating CD4 T cell effector function in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) has been implicated in the the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), though its exact mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the role of NPSR1 in regulating CD4 T cell effector function in IBD.

Methods: Peripheral blood and colonic mucosal biopsies from IBD patients, as well as dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis models, were analyzed to assess the effects of NPSR1 on colitis and CD4 T cell-mediated immune responses.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates in Gansu, China.

Tuberculosis has posed a serious threat to human health. It is imperative to investigate the geographic prevalence of tuberculosis and medication resistance, as this information is essential for informing strategies for its prevention and treatment. Drug resistance was identified using a proportion method.

Optimal cut-off values and diagnostic significance of clinical laboratory indicators in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Objective: This study aims to identify clinical laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), establish optimal cutoffs for early screening, and develop a diagnostic model for precise diagnosis.

Methods: The study conducted a retrospective analysis of 279 NDMM patients and 553 healthy subjects at Zhejiang Province People's Hospital between January 2008 and June 2023. Multifactor LR was employed to explore clinical laboratory indicators with diagnostic value for NDMM, determine optimal cutoff values and contract a diagnostic model.

Hepatocyte aquaporin 8-mediated water transport facilitates bile dilution and prevents gallstone formation in mice.

Background & Aims: Although water channel aquaporin-8 (AQP8) has been implicated in hepatic bile formation and liver diseases associated with abnormal bile flow in human and animal studies, direct evidence of its involvement in bile secretion is still lacking. This study aimed to determine the role of AQP8 in bile secretion and gallstone formation.

Methods: We generated various transgenic knock-in and knockout mouse models and assessed liver AQP8 expression by immunostaining and immunoblotting, hepatic bile secretion by cannulation of the common bile duct, cholesterol gallstone formation by feeding a high-fat lithogenic diet, and identified regulatory small molecules by screening the organic fractions of cholagogic Chinese herbs and performing biochemical characterization.

Puerarin ameliorates colitis by direct suppression of macrophage M1 polarization in DSS mice.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The clinical symptoms of UC include persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding, with chronic inflammation often limited to the mucosal layer of the colon. Macrophages play a significant role in the pathogenesis of UC in response to the presence of gut microbiota.

Cystathionine--synthase expression correlates with tumour progression and adverse prognosis in patients with colon cancer.

Objective: To investigate the levels of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent control tissues; and to examine the relationship between CBS level and clinical characteristics and prognosis.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with primary colon cancer. Paraffin-embedded specimens were used to create pathological tissue microarrays.

Profiling 32 alkaloid compounds from by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/ms.

is a traditional herb medicine with alkaloids as the main bioactive substance. To identify alkaloid compounds from , its crude extract was obtained with 0.2 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and alkaloid compounds in the demineralised extract by organic solvents from crude extract were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS.

Effects and individual response of salt substitute intervention on blood pressure in a high-risk stroke population: findings from 4200 participants of the China Salt Substitute and Stroke Study.

: The protective effects of salt substitutes on blood pressure are well established, yet the individual variations in response to salt substitutes remain unclear. Our study aims to identify the individuals who derive the greatest benefit from salt substitute interventions. : Our study involved 4200 participants at high-risk of stroke from 120 villages in Liaoning Province, as a sub-study of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) trial, with 60 villages receiving a 5-year salt substitute intervention and other 60 villages using regular salt.

GCN2 kinase activation mediates pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and remodeling that result in right heart failure. Recessive mutations of EIF2AK4 gene (encoding general control nonderepressible 2 kinase, GCN2) are linked to heritable pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) in patients but rarely in patients with PAH. The role of GCN2 kinase activation in the pathogenesis of PAH remains unclear.

Homologous cell membrane-based hydrogel creates spatiotemporal niches to improve outcomes of dysregulated chronic wound healing.

The (M2M + TGF-β)@HAMA hydrogel dressing improves the outcomes of dysregulated chronic wound healing by protecting the open wound from repeated bacterial infections, reprogramming endogenous monocytes and M1 macrophages into an M2-phenotype, as well as enhancing fibroblastic proliferation and migration for matrix remodeling and granulation tissue formation.Image 1.

BMP receptor 2 inhibition regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics to induce synergistic cell death with BCL-2 inhibitors in leukemia and NSLC cells.

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling cascade is a phylogenetically conserved stem cell regulator that is aberrantly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC) and leukemias. BMP signaling negatively regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics in lung cancer cells. The impact of inhibiting BMP signaling on mitochondrial bioenergetics and the effect this has on the survival of NSLC and leukemia cells are not known.

Voxel self-attention and center-point for 3D object detector.

With the advancement of autonomous driving, the industrial demand for 3D object detection has continuously increased, leading to the development of anchor-based LiDAR object detectors reliant on convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, on the one hand, the poor receptive field of CNN limits the understanding of the scene. On the other hand, anchor-based methods cannot accurately predict the posture of objects in the steering.

Ultrasound-guided Superficial Cervical Plexus Blocks for Persistent Pain after Suboccipital Craniotomies: A Randomized Trial.

Background: The efficacy of superficial cervical plexus blocks for reducing persistent pain after craniotomies remains unclear. The authors tested the primary hypothesis that preoperative ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus blocks reduce persistent pain 3 months after suboccipital craniotomies.

Methods: A single-center randomized and blinded parallel-group trial was conducted.

Taming of Triazole, Tetrazole, and Azido Groups: Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials with High Thermal Stabilities.

Nitrogen-rich energetic materials are of interest due to their potential use as high-energy-density materials in various applications. However, most compounds with a high nitrogen content show poor thermal stabilities, which may limit their use in certain applications. In pursuit of nitrogen-rich energetic materials, this study presents the synthesis and characterization of two nitrogen rich energetic compounds, namely 3-azido-1-(1-tetrazol-5-yl)-1-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (, CHN, N%: 79.