Research progress of brain organoids in the field of diabetes.

Human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells may be used to create 3D tissues called brain organoids. They duplicate the physiological and pathological characteristics of human brain tissue more faithfully in terms of both structure and function, and they more precisely resemble the morphology and cellular structure of the human embryonic brain. This makes them valuable models for both drug screening and in vitro studies on the development of the human brain and associated disorders.

Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing XIST induce macrophage M2 polarization and improve neural stem cell homeostatic microenvironment, alleviating spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant cause of disability worldwide, with limited treatment options. This study investigated the potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified with XIST lentiviral vector to modulate macrophage polarization and affect neural stem cell (NSC) microenvironment reconstruction following SCI. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MID1 might be crucial for BMSCs' treatment of SCI.

SLC18A3 promoted renal cancer development through acetylcholine/cAMP signaling.

Renal cancer displays a high metastatic potential and a poor response to chemotherapy. However, the critical contributors to renal cancer development remain elusive. This study focused on acetylcholine (ACh) signaling.