Community assembly and potential function analysis of the endophyte in Eucommia ulmoides.

Endophytes play a pivotal role in protecting host plants from both biotic and abiotic stresses, promoting the production of active components (AC) and plant growth. However, the succession of the endophyte community in Eucommia ulmoides (E. ulmoides), particularly the community assembly and function, has not been extensively investigated.

Cotton miR319b-Targeted TCP4-Like Enhances Plant Defense Against by Activating Transcription Expression.

Teosinte branched1/Cincinnata/proliferating cell factor (TCP) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and defense. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCPs participating in plant defense remain unclear. Here, we characterized a cotton TCP4-like fine-tuned by miR319b, which could interact with NON-EXPRESSER OF PATHOGEN-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) to directly activate () expression, facilitating plant resistance against .

The Cotton miR477- Module Participates in Plant Defense Against .

Previous reports have shown that, when localizes at the root surface, many microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified at the early induction stage. Here, we constructed two groups from two timepoints of small RNA (sRNA) in cotton root responses to at the later induction stage, pathogen localizing in the interior of root tissue. We identified 71 known and 378 novel miRNAs from six libraries of the pathogen-induced and the control sRNAs.

Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae).

Land leeches in the family Haemadipsidae are mostly from the humid tropical rainforest habitats and habitually take blood from the body of human and other animals. In the present study, we report a new species, Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis sp. n.

A new cave-dwelling blind loach, Triplophysa erythraea sp. nov. (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae), from Hunan Province, China.

A new blind loach species, Triplophysa erythraea sp. nov., from a karst cave in Hunan Province, central south China, is described based on morphology and cyt b gene sequencing.

Cotton Modulate SA Biosynthesis and Local Lignin Deposition Participating in Plant Resistance Against .

Verticillium wilt, caused by , seriously limits cotton production. It is difficult to control this pathogen damage mainly due to the complexity of the molecular mechanism of plant resistance to . Here, we identified three homologous cotton () genes, which were designated as , and The were predominantly expressed in the roots, internodes, and hypocotyls and induced by infection with and treatment with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA).

Enhanced degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by a genome shuffling-modified YAB-1.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as an emerging persistent organic pollutant is hard to be degraded by conventional methods because of its stable physical and chemical properties. Microbial transformation is an attractive remediation approach to prevent and clean up PFOA contamination. To date, several strains of wild microbes have been reported to have limited capacity to degrade PFOA, selection of superior strains degrading PFOA become urgently necessary.

Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase from Vitis bellula.

is a new grape crop in southern China. Berries of this species are rich in antioxidative anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. This study reports cloning and functional characterization of a cDNA encoding a dihydroflavonol reductase (VbDFR) involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Vanadium-Leaching Bacterium Strain L19.

strain L19, isolated from stone coal soil, has the ability to perform bioleaching to release vanadium ions from mineral ore. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of the vanadium-leaching bacterium L19. These data provide information for understanding the genomic properties and mineral bioleaching mechanisms of strain L19.

Two new guaiane-type sesquiterpenes from Curcuma kwangsiensis and their inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.

Two new guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, kwangsiensis A and B (1-2) were isolated from the roots of Curcuma kwangsiensis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including NMR, circular dichroism (CD) and high-resolution mass-spectrometry. The anti-inflammatory activity of the two compounds was evaluated on the basis of their inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse RAW 264.

Ontogenetic characterization of sporangium and spore of Huperzia serrata: an anti-aging disease fern.

Background: Huperzia serrata is a medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been used to prevent against aging diseases. It is mainly propagated by spores and grows extremely slowly. Due to severe harvest, it is a highly endangered species.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Potassium Feldspar-Solubilizing Bacterium L18.

L18, isolated from potassium feldspar mining area soil, was found to be capable of solubilizing K from an insoluble K-bearing mineral source. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of the feldspar-solubilizing bacterium L18. These data provide the basis to investigate the relative impact of bacteria in feldspar solubilizing and the molecular mechanism of the potassium feldspar's dissolution.

Functional characterization of a novel jasmonate ZIM-domain interactor (NINJA) from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

The jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway plays roles in plant development and defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. We isolated a cotton NINJA (novel interactor of JA ZIM-domain) gene, designated GhNINJA, which contains a 1305 bp open read frame. The GhNINJA gene encodes a 434 amino acid peptide.

Functional Characterization of a Dihydroflavanol 4-Reductase from the Fiber of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Dihydroflavanol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key later enzyme involved in two polyphenols' (anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs)) biosynthesis, however it is not characterized in cotton yet. In present reports, a DFR cDNA homolog (designated as GhDFR1) was cloned from developing fibers of upland cotton. Silencing GhDFR1 in cotton by virus-induced gene silencing led to significant decrease in accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs.

Draft Genome Sequence of Perfluorooctane Acid-Degrading Bacterium Pseudomonas parafulva YAB-1.

Pseudomonas parafulva YAB-1, isolated from perfluorinated compound-contaminated soil, has the ability to degrade perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) compound. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of the PFOA-degrading bacterium P. parafulva YAB-1.

Preparation and immunogenicity-evaluation of typhoid O-specific polysaccharides bio-conjugate vaccines.

Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is still a major public health problem in developing countries. In this study, we constructed a genetically modified Salmonella Typhi strain expressing O-specific polysaccharides (OPS) antigen conjugated to a carrier, recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A(rEPA N29). The conjugates (OPS-rEPA N29) were further purified and evaluated for their immunogenicity.

Functional characterization of an anthocyanidin reductase gene from the fibers of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Metabolic profiling, gene cloning, enzymatic analysis, ectopic expression, and gene silencing experiments demonstrate that the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in upland cotton. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are oligomeric or polymeric flavan-3-ols, however, the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in cotton remains to be elucidated. Here, we report on an anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) gene from cotton fibers and the ANR pathway of PAs.

[Cloning, prokaryotic expression and characterization of lysine decarboxylase gene from Huperzia serrata].

Huperzine A is a promising drug to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, its biosynthetic pathway is still unknown. Lysine decarboxylase (LDC) has been proposed to catalyze the first-step of the biosynthesis of huperzine A.

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase gene from Vitis bellula.

Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is an NADPH-/NADH-dependent enzyme that transfers two hydrides to anthocyanidins to produce three types of isomeric flavan-3-ols. This reductase forms the ANR pathway toward the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs, which are also called condensed tannins). Here, we report cloning and functional characterization of an ANR (called VbANR) homolog from the leaves of Vitis bellula, a newly developed grape crop in southern China.

[Determination of huperzine A and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of lysine decarboxylase gene in different parts of Huperzia serrata from western Hunan].

Objective: To determine the content of huperzine A in the root, stem and leaf of Huperzia serrata from western Hunan, and analyze the relationship between the distribution of huperzine A and the expression of lysine decarboxylase gene in different parts of huperzia serrata.

Methods: The content of huperzine A in the root, stem and leaf of Huperzia serrata was determinated by HPLC, of which the chromatographic column was Diamonsil C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm,5 microm), mobile phase was methanol-0.

Characterization of Flavan-3-ols and Expression of MYB and Late Pathway Genes Involved in Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Foliage of Vitis bellula.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are fundamental nutritional metabolites in different types of grape products consumed by human beings. Although the biosynthesis of PAs in berry of Vitis vinifera has gained intensive investigations, the understanding of PAs in other Vitis species is limited. In this study, we report PA formation and characterization of gene expression involved in PA biosynthesis in leaves of V.

An integrated approach to demonstrating the ANR pathway of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in plants.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are oligomers or polymers of plant flavan-3-ols and are important to plant adaptation in extreme environmental conditions. The characterization of anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) has demonstrated the different biogenesis of four stereo-configurations of flavan-3-ols. It is important to understand whether ANR and the ANR pathway widely occur in the plant kingdom.

[Diversity of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from non-saline soil collected from Xiaoxi National Natural Reserve, Hunan Province].

Objective: To investigate the diversity of cultivable halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from ordinary non-saline soil samples collected from Xiaoxi National Natural Reserve (28 degrees 42' 15"-28 degrees 53' 15" N, 110 degrees 6' 50"-110 degrees 21' 35" E), Hunan Province, China.

Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated from the samples by using the conventional culture-dependent method and investigated by using phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons.

Results: We isolated 114 bacterial strains (8 moderately halophilic, 19 slightly halophilic, 87 halotolerant) from the samples on media (marine agar 2216, International Streptomyces Project medium 2 and 5, nutrient and humic acid agars) supplemented with 5% to 20% (w/v) NaCl.

[Immunity of native SpaA and recombinant SpaA-N against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in mice].

Objective: We evaluated the effects of surface protective antigen A (SpaA) and its N-teminal protective domain (rSpaA-N) against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in mice.

Methods: The SpaA was purified by electroelution from NaOH-extracted antigen of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strain C43311. The rSpaA-N was expressed in E.

[Cross-protective effect of the Cp39 adhesive proteins against avian Pasteurella multicida in mice].

Objective: We evaluated the cross-protective effect of a 39-kDa adhesive protein (Cp39), recombinant adhesive protein (rCp39), and capsular proteins from in vitro and in vivo grown avian P. multocida in mice.

Methods: The Cp39 was purified by electroelution from capsular proteins of in vivo grown strain C48-3.