Apoptotic Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Hypersensitivity Responses via Inducing CD8 T Cells Apoptosis with Calcium Overload and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Apoptosis is crucial for maintaining internal homeostasis. Apoptotic vesicles (ApoVs) derived from mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells (MSCs-ApoVs) as natural lipid nanoparticles are attractive candidates for the next generation of immunotherapies. However, the therapeutic potential of MSCs-ApoVs in managing hypersensitivity reactions mediated by CD8 T cells remains elusive.

Convergent synthesis of steviol glycosides rebaudioside a and M.

Steviol glycosides, a natural health-focused sweetener, is receiving increasing attention. Herein, an efficient and concise approach for the convergent synthesis of Rebaudioside A and M has been devised. This method features a AuCl-tBuCN cooperative catalysis to achieve highly 1, 2-trans stereoselective glycosidation of a C2-branched trisaccharide trichloroacetimidate with tertiary C-13 hydroxy group in steviol aglycone, without relying on neighboring group participation.

Patterns and Correlates of Bone Mineral Density Parameters Measured Using Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound in Chinese Adults.

Monitoring bone mineral density (BMD) in adults is critical for early detection of osteoporosis and prevention of fracture, for which quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a good non-invasive tool. We examined the associations of QUS measures, including stiffness index (SI) and T-score, with socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric correlates and risk of subsequent fracture. : Calcaneal QUS was performed using GE's Lunar Achilles EXPII among 24,651 adults (mean age 59.

Macrophage polarization-related gene SOAT1 is involved in inflammatory response and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Macrophages polarization play crucial roles in regulating inflammation and functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to investigate the key macrophage polarization-related genes (MPRGs) for the treatment of SCI. Our research involved identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs), using immune infiltration analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning to screening out key MPRGs in the GSE5296.

Dry suction versus wet suction of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions:a multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.

Background And Aims: Conclusions regarding the suction techniques of EUS-FNB remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the dry suction versus wet suction technique in solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) and determine the optimal number of passes for EUS-FNB.

Methods: This investigation was conducted as a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Inflammation-triggered Gli1 stem cells engage with extracellular vesicles to prime aberrant neutrophils to exacerbate periodontal immunopathology.

Periodontitis is a prevalent and progressive detrimental disease characterized by chronic inflammation, and the immunopathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play crucial roles as immunoregulators and maintain tissue homeostasis and regeneration, but their in vivo function in immunopathology and periodontal tissue deterioration is still unclear. Here, we utilized multiple transgenic mouse models to specifically mark, ablate and modulate Gli1 cells, a critical and representative subset of MSCs in the periodontium, to explore their specific role in periodontal immunopathology.

The intelligent fault identification method based on multi-source information fusion and deep learning.

Faults represent significant geological structures. Conventional fault identification methods pri-marily rely on the linear features of faults, achieved through the interpretation of remote sensing imagery (RSI). To more accurately enhance the morphological features of faults and achieve their rapid, precise, and intelligent identification, this paper employs a multi-source information fusion method.

Exosome transmit the ability of migration and invasion in heterogeneous ovarian cancer cells by regulating autophagy via targeting hsa-miR-328.

Purpose: This study investigates the role of exosomes in ovarian cancer heterogeneity, which contributes to metastasis. By examining the variability of exosomes from different ovarian cancer cells, which aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving this heterogeneity.

Experimental Design: Ovarian cancer cell lines were subjected to clonal culture and single-cell sorting.

Identification and genetic analysis of new ephemeroviruses in wild boars in China.

Ephemeroviruses (EVs) are arthropod-borne rhabdoviruses and were isolated exclusively from cattle and haematophagous arthropods until two new ephemeroviruses were first identified from domestic pigs most recently. Here we report the identification of newer EVs in wild boar by meta-transcriptomic (MTT) sequencing. Further screening by specific RT-nPCR of tissue samples of 459 free-ranging wild boars collected between 2018 and 2023 from 26 provinces across China confirmed five positive wild boars in four provinces.

Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2-Cis O-Linked Glycosyl Amino Acids via Additive-Modulation for Glycopeptide Synthesis.

A highly stereoselective strategy to facilitate the synthesis of 1,2-cis-O-linked glycosyl amino acids was established via a additive-modulated trichloroacetimidate glycosylation approach. This mild and practical protocol demonstrates broad applicability with diverse glycosyl donors, including D-gluco-, D-galacto-, 2-deoxy-2-azido-D-gluco-, 2-deoxy-2-azido-D-galacto-, D-xylo-, L-fuco-pyranosyl and L-arabinofuranosyl trichloroacetimidates, and orthogonally protected amino acids such as Ser, Thr, Tyr, and 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) as acceptors. These 1,2-cis linked glycosyl amino acids serve as valuable building blocks for glycopeptide synthesis via solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), offering significant potential for advancing glycoprotein research.

Molecular Self-Gating Inside a Zeolite Catalyst.

Diffusion is a ubiquitous process that is strongly correlated with concentration. Based on developed three-dimensional free energy and a continuous-time random-walk coarse-graining method, we found the optimal diffusion pathway under confinement, determined all diffusional energy barriers, and identified the major units of zeolite where molecular diffusion is limited. Interestingly, a novel diffusion mechanism was determined in the nanopore of a zeolite catalyst by molecular dynamics simulation, pulsed field gradient, and 2D exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) NMR experiments.

Novel H16N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory gulls in China in 2023.

As a rare subtype of avian influenza virus, H16 viruses are predominant in gulls but rarely found in domestic birds. The low prevalence of H16 viruses has limited our understanding of their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. In this study, we isolated three novel H16N3 viruses from migratory gulls in East Asian-Australasian Flyway in eastern China in 2023, which are significantly different from previously identified isolates.

Synthesis and evaluation of novel ebselen derivatives as urease inhibitors for combating Helicobacter pylori infections.

The development of novel inhibitors targeting urease that affects the colonization of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a promising strategy to address the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance. In this study, a novel urease covalent inhibitor, XBP2 (IC = 0.

Senolytic Treatment Alleviates Corneal Allograft Rejection Through Upregulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2).

Purpose: Allograft rejection remains a major cause of failure in high-risk corneal transplants, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of transplantation stress-induced cellular senescence to corneal allograft rejection and to elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Age-matched murine corneal transplantation models were established.

Correlation study between magnetic resonance imaging-quantitated cardiac iron deposition and left ventricular function in patients with β-thalassemia major in China.

Objective: To explore the correlation between cardiac iron deposition and left ventricular function indicators, such as left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction, and to evaluate the accuracy of predicting patients with cardiac iron deposition by using left ventricular ejection fraction as an index.

Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study involved one hundred and fifty transfusion-dependent patients with β-thalassemia major who were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging to obtain * values, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction. The relationship between cardiac * values and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction was analyzed.

UnICLAM: Contrastive representation learning with adversarial masking for unified and interpretable Medical Vision Question Answering.

Medical Visual Question Answering aims to assist doctors in decision-making when answering clinical questions regarding radiology images. Nevertheless, current models learn cross-modal representations through residing vision and text encoders in dual separate spaces, which inevitably leads to indirect semantic alignment. In this paper, we propose UnICLAM, a Unified and Interpretable Medical-VQA model through Contrastive Representation Learning with Adversarial Masking.

Association between diabetes mellitus and tinnitus: A meta-analysis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested as a potential risk factor for tinnitus, but evidence remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between DM and tinnitus by systematically reviewing and synthesizing data from observational studies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to August 16, 2024.

Geographical distribution and evolutionary dynamics of H4Nx avian influenza viruses.

H4Nx avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been isolated from wild birds and poultry and can also cross the species barrier to infect mammals (pigs and muskrats). The widespread presence of these viruses in wild birds and poultry and their ability to be transmitted interspecies make them an undeniable hazard to the poultry farming industry. In the present study, we collected fecal and swab samples from wild birds and poultry in Guangdong Province from January 2019 to March 2024, and various subtypes of AIVs were isolated, including 19 strains of H4 subtype AIVs.

Conjugated phthalocyanine-based framework as artificial SEI for over 400 Wh kg lithium-metal battery.

High-voltage lithium-metal batteries (HVLMBs) are appealing candidates for next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries, but their practical applications are still limited by the severe capacity degradation, attributed to the poor interfacial stability and compatibility between the electrode and the electrolyte. In this work, a 2D conjugated phthalocyanine framework (CPF) containing single atoms (SAs) of cobalt (CoSAs-CPF) is developed as a novel artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in which a large amount of charge is transferred to the CPF skeleton due to the Lewis acid activity of the Co metal sites and the strong electron-absorbing property of the cyano group (-CN), greatly enhancing the adsorption of the Li and regulating the Li distribution toward dendrite-free LMBs, which are superior to most of the reported SEI membranes. As a result, the Li||Li symmetrical cell with CoSAs-CPF-modified Li anodes (CoSAs-CPF@Li) exhibits a low polarization with an area capacity of 1.

Alterations of amino acids in older adults with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia.

Metabolomics provide a promising tool for understanding dementia pathogenesis and identifying novel biomarkers. This study aimed to identify amino acid biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VD). By amino acid metabolomics, the concentrations of amino acids were determined in the serum of AD and VD patients as well as age-matched healthy controls.

Synergistic Electrode and Electrolyte Polarities Lead to Outstanding Organic Potassium-based Batteries.

Organic materials are promising as battery electrodes due to their flexible design, low cost, and sustainability. Although high electrolyte concentrations are known to suppress organic cathode dissolution, the organic cathode solubility depends on the interplay between the electrode and electrolyte polarities, which remains unexplored. Here, we elucidate the delicate interplay of electrode and electrolyte polarities to achieve stable cycling of organic cathode.

Selectivity control by zeolites during methanol-mediated CO hydrogenation processes.

The thermocatalytic conversion of CO with green or blue hydrogen into valuable energy and commodity chemicals such as alcohols, olefins, and aromatics emerges as one of the most promising strategies for mitigating global warming concerns in the future. This process can follow either a CO-modified Fischer-Tropsch synthesis route or a methanol-mediated route, with the latter being favored for its high product selectivity beyond the Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution. Despite the progress of the CO-led methanol-mediated route over bifunctional metal/zeolite catalysts, challenges persist in developing catalysts with both high activity and selectivity due to the complexity of CO hydrogenation reaction networks and the difficulty in controlling C-O bond activation and C-C bond coupling on multiple active sites within zeolites.

Multiple Kinase Small Molecule Inhibitor Tinengotinib (TT-00420) Alone or With Chemotherapy Inhibit the Growth of SCLC.

There is an urgent need to develop new targeted treatment agents for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Tinengotinib (TT-00420) is a novel, multi-targeted, and spectrally selective small-molecule kinase inhibitor that has shown significant inhibitory effects on certain solid tumors in preclinical studies. However, its role and mechanism of action in SCLC remain unclear.

Early prediction and risk stratification of ovarian cancer based on clinical data using machine learning approaches.

Objective: Our study was aimed to construct a predictive model to advance ovarian cancer diagnosis by machine learning.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with pelvic/adnexal/ovarian mass was performed. Potential features related to ovarian cancer were obtained as many as possible.