Clinical comprehensive evaluation of [F]AlF-FAP-NUR PET: multi-time-point imaging, head-to-head comparison with [F]FDG.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the clinical feasibility of [F]AlF-FAP-NUR, including the pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry estimation, and the head-to-head comparison with [F]FDG. The head-to-head comparison study was designed to investigate the radiotracer uptake of [F]AlF-FAP-NUR, to detect the primary and metastatic lesions in patients with various solid cancers, and to compare the results with those of [F]FDG PET/CT. The correlation of FAP-expression (H-scores) and standardized uptake values (SUVs) derived from [F]AlF-FAP-NUR were also included.

Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies PHF8 as an effective therapeutic target for KRAS- or BRAF-mutant colorectal cancers.

Background: Mutations in KRAS and BRAF genes are prevalent in colorectal cancer (CRC), which strikingly promote tumorigenesis and lead to poor response to a variety of treatments including immunotherapy by activating the MAPK/ERK pathway. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover effective therapeutic targets and strategies.

Methods: CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral knockout library was used to screen the suppressors of anti-PD1 immunotherapy.

Disulfiram/copper triggers cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway via ROS-induced DNA damage that potentiates antitumor response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade.

Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have emerged as the leading strategy for treating advanced malignancies; however, their clinical efficacy is frequently constrained by primary or acquired resistance. Harnessing innate immune signaling to increase lymphocyte infiltration into tumors has been recognized a promising approach to augment the anti-cancer immune response to ICBs. Disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug for chronic alcoholism, has shown potent anti-tumor effect, particularly when used in combination with copper (Cu).

Effect of Balloon Dilatation and Stent Implantation in Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome.

Objective:  To investigate the efficacy of balloon dilatation combined with stent implantation in the treatment of iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).

Methods:  This research was a retrospective study that enrolled 127 IVCS patients for clinical data. The patients were divided into percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) group ( = 63) and stent implantation group ( = 64).

Single-cell RNA sequencing integrated with bulk RNA sequencing analysis of clock circadian regulator with prognostic and immune microenvironment in thyroid cancer.

Background: Disruption of circadian rhythm was found to be associated with immune infiltration and thyroid cancer. However, the role of clock circadian regulator (CLOCK) in the progression of thyroid cancer and its immune microenvironment remains largely unexplored. Therefore, our aim was to explore the role and potential mechanism of CLOCK in thyroid cancer.

Advanced Large-Stokes-Shift Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Biothiols: Facilitating Accurate Indirect Measurement of β-Lactamases.

A novel fluorescent probe, Bibc-DNBS, based on the combination of the PET (photoinduced electron transfer) and ESIPT (excited-state intramolecular proton transfer) mechanisms, was designed and synthesized. Bibc-DNBS exhibited a Stokes shift of 172 nm in the fluorescence detection field. In addition, the probe exhibited good performance in key parameters in bioassays such as sensitivity, specificity, and response time.

The correlation and predictive value of Hb, RDW and their association for short-term and long-term mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection.

Background: This study examines the relationship between Hb, RDW and their association and both short-term and long-term mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD), aiming to establish combined effect between Hb and RDW as a potential prognostic biomarker for AAD outcomes.

Methods: We extracted clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) databases for this analysis. Using adjusted Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses, we assessed the relationship between Hb, RDW and their association at admission and mortality at multiple post-discharge intervals (30 days, 90 days, 1 year, and 5 years) among patients with AAD.

Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Molecular Imaging of Fibrotic Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using F-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT in assessing the fibrotic remodeling of the pulmonary artery (PA) and the right ventricle (RV) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PAH, rats were euthanized at different time points for tissue analysis (fibroblast activation protein immunofluorescence and Masson's trichrome staining) after completing F-FAPI PET/CT and hemodynamic measurements. Thirty-eight PAH patients were enrolled to participate in F-FAPI PET/CT imaging, with right heart catheterization and echocardiography performed within 1 wk to assess pulmonary hemodynamics and cardiac function.

Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

This study explores the protective mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Human umbilical cord MSCs (HucMSCs) were identified via osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation, as well as flow cytometry. EVs were isolated from HucMSCs and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting.

Microbial communities associated with marine sponges from diverse geographic locations harbor biosynthetic novelty.

Marine sponges are a prolific source of biologically active small molecules, many of which originate from sponge-associated bacteria. Identifying the producing bacteria is a key step in developing sustainable routes for the production of these metabolites. To facilitate the required computational analyses, we developed MetaSing, a reproducible singularity-based pipeline for assembly, identification of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from metagenomic short-read data.

Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy through Engineering New PD-L1 Degraders: A Comprehensive Study from Small Molecules to PD-L1-Specific Peptide-Drug Conjugates.

Despite the considerable achievements of antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy, limitations in antitumor immune response and pharmacokinetics hinder their clinical adoption. Small molecules toward PD-L1 degradation signifies an innovative avenue to modulate PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Herein, we unveil a comprehensive engineering involving the development of new PD-L1 degraders based on the berberine (BBR) and palmatine (PMT) bioactive frameworks and explore their translational potential for cancer immunotherapy using a peptide-drug conjugate strategy.

Mother-Daughter Vessel Operation and Maintenance Routing Optimization for Offshore Wind Farms Using Restructuring Particle Swarm Optimization.

As the capacity of individual offshore wind turbines increases, prolonged downtime (due to maintenance or faults) will result in significant economic losses. This necessitates enhancing the efficiency of vessel operation and maintenance (O&M) to reduce O&M costs. Existing research mostly focuses on planning O&M schemes for individual vessels.

Targeting METTL3 enhances the chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells by decreasing ABCC2 expression in an mA-YTHDF1-dependent manner.

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are easily resistant to first-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel (PTX) or carboplatin (CBP). N-methyladenosine (mA) methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) has crucial functions in mA modification and tumorigenesis. However, its role in chemoresistance of NSCLC is still elusive.

Visual Tracking of Hydrogen Sulfide: Application of a Novel Lysosome-Targeted Fluorescent Probe for Bioimaging and Food Safety Assessment.

The equilibrium state of hydrogen sulfide (HS), a gaseous signaling molecule produced by lysosomal metabolites, in vivo is crucial for cellular function. Abnormal fluctuations in HS concentration can interfere with the normal function of lysosomes, which has been closely linked to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. In view of this, a novel fluorescent probe based on 1,3,5-triarylpyrazolines was developed for the precise detection of HS in lysosomes by using the hydrophilic morpholine moiety as a lysosomal targeting unit, and 2,4-dinitroanisole as a fluorescence-quenching and HS-responsive unit.

Harnessing transcription factor-driven ROS for synergistic multimodal lung cancer treatment.

Multimodal treatment of cancer is an unstoppable revolution in clinical application. However, designing a platform that integrates therapeutic modalities with different pharmacokinetic characteristics remains a great challenge. Herein, we designed a universal lipid nanoplatform equipping a ROS-cleavable docetaxel prodrug (DTX-L-DTX) and an NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) inhibitor (clobetasol propionate, CP).

Amplifying Radiotherapy by Evoking Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress using a High-performance Aggregation-induced Emission Sonosensitizer.

Introduction: Developing effective methods to enhance tumor radiosensitivity is crucial for improving the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy (RT). Due to its deep tissue penetration, excellent safety profile, and precise controllability, sonosensitizer-based sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has recently garnered significant attention as a promising combined approach with RT.

Methods: However, the limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability in the aggregated state and the absence of specific organelle targeting in sonosensitizers hinder their potential to augment RT.

Visualizing ClO fluctuations in drug-induced liver injury and bacterium via a robust ratiometric fluorescent probe.

As a type of reactive oxygen species, hypochlorous acid (ClO) plays an important role in sterilization, disinfection and protection in organisms. However, excessive production of ClO is closely related to various diseases. In this work, we have designed a robust ratiometric fluorescent probe, RDB-ClO, using the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) strategy.