TRAF3 loss protects glioblastoma cells from lipid peroxidation and immune elimination via dysregulated lipid metabolism.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain tumor characterized by dysregulated metabolism. Increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) protects tumor cells from lipid peroxidation-induced cell death, although the precise mechanisms involved remain unclear. Herein, we report that loss of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) in GBM critically regulates lipid peroxidation and tumorigenesis by controlling the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Investigating the Regulation of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 by CoAlation.

Ribosomal protein S6 kinases belong to a family of highly conserved enzymes in eukaryotes that regulate cell growth, proliferation, survival, and the stress response. It is well established that the activation and downstream signalling of p70S6Ks involve multiple phosphorylation events by key regulators of cell growth, survival, and energy metabolism. Here, we report for the first time the covalent modification of p70S6K1 by coenzyme A (CoA) in response to oxidative stress, which regulates its kinase activity.

Optimization of cancer immunotherapy through pyroptosis: A pyroptosis-related signature predicts survival benefit and potential synergy for immunotherapy in glioma.

Background: Pyroptosis is a critical type of programmed cell death that is strongly associated with the regulation of tumor and immune cell functions. However, the role of pyroptosis in tumor progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment in gliomas has not been extensively studied. Thus, in this study, we aimed to establish a comprehensive pyroptosis-related signature and uncover its potential clinical application in gliomas.

Lighting a Fire: Gasdermin-Mediated Pyroptosis Remodels the Glioma Microenvironment and Promotes Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response.

Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory programmed cell death pathway mediated by gasdermins. Exploring the role of pyroptosis can provide new insights into tumor malignancy. The most recent studies on pyroptosis have focused on tumor cells.

A near-ambient pressure flow reactor coupled with polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy for operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions over model catalysts.

The model catalyst approach is often used for fundamental investigations of complex heterogeneous catalysis, in which operando characterizations are critical. A flow reactor is usually adopted for gas-solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Herein, we report a home-designed near-ambient pressure (NAP) flow reactor coupled with polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and an online quadrupole mass spectrometer for operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions over model catalysts.

Generated Ti-Mediated Photocatalytic Methanol Decomposition to Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen on a Rutile TiO(100) Surface.

Photocatalysis of methanol on the TiO surface is a prototype of photocatalytic reactions. Here, we unveil a synergistic effect of photoexcited electrons and holes on converting methanol to CO and H on a rutile TiO(100) surface. Upon Hg light irradiation, photoexcited holes oxidize methoxy species at the 5-fold coordinated Ti sites sequentially to formaldehyde and formate intermediates, while photoexcited electrons reduce the associated Ti sites to Ti sites.

A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Prognostic Index to Predict Temozolomide Sensitivity and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response for Glioma.

Gliomas are highly lethal brain tumors. Despite multimodality therapy with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, glioma prognosis remains poor. Ferroptosis is a crucial tumor suppressor mechanism that has been proven to be effective in anticancer therapy.

Fine cubic CuO nanocrystals as highly selective catalyst for propylene epoxidation with molecular oxygen.

Propylene epoxidation with O to propylene oxide is a very valuable reaction but remains as a long-standing challenge due to unavailable efficient catalysts with high selectivity. Herein, we successfully explore 27 nm-sized cubic CuO nanocrystals enclosed with {100} faces and {110} edges as a highly selective catalyst for propylene epoxidation with O, which acquires propylene oxide selectivity of more than 80% at 90-110 °C. Propylene epoxidation with weakly-adsorbed O species at the {110} edge sites exhibits a low barrier and is the dominant reaction occurring at low reaction temperatures, leading to the high propylene oxide selectivity.

Oxidative Coupling of Methanol with Molecularly Adsorbed Oxygen on Au Surface to Methyl Formate.

Supported Au catalysts efficiently catalyze the oxidative coupling of methanol with O to methyl formate, in which the atomic O species (O(a)) formed via O dissociation on the Au surface has been considered as the active oxygen species. Herein we report for the first time that the oxidative coupling of methanol can occur facilely with molecularly adsorbed O species (O(a)) on a Au(997) surface at temperatures as low as around 125 K, while that with O(a) occurs at around 175 K. Both experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrate a novel reaction mechanism of oxidative coupling of CHOH with (a) via a dioxymethylene (HCO) intermediate, resulting in the production of both HCOOCH and HCOCH.

Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Concentration-QTc Analysis of Tetrodotoxin: A Randomized, Dose Escalation Study in Healthy Adults.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a highly specific voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) blocker in clinical evaluation as a peripheral-acting analgesic for chronic pain. This study presents the first published results of the safety including cardiac liability of TTX at therapeutic-relevant concentrations in twenty-five healthy adults. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-, and positive- (moxifloxacin) controlled study evaluated single ascending doses of 15 µg, 30 µg, and 45 µg TTX over 3 periods with a 7-day washout between each period.

Surface chemistry and photochemistry of small molecules on rutile TiO(001) and TiO(011)-(2 × 1) surfaces: The crucial roles of defects.

Surface chemistry and photochemistry of small molecules on the rutile TiO(001) and TiO(011)-(2 × 1) surfaces were studied by low energy electron diffraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the TiO(001) surface mainly exhibits the defects of Ti interstitials in the near-surface region, while the TiO(011)-(2 × 1) surface mainly exhibits the defects of double-oxygen vacancies. The defect structures of TiO surfaces strongly affect their adsorption and thermal/photodesorption behaviors.

Mechanical Behavior Investigation of 4H-SiC Single Crystal at the Micro-Nano Scale.

In this paper, theoretical models of the critical indentation depth and critical force on brittle materials using cleavage strength and contact theory are proposed. A Berkovich indenter is adopted for nanoindentation tests on a 4H-SiC single crystal sample to evaluate its mechanical behaviors. The stages of brittle material deformation (elastic, plastic, and brittle) can be characterized by the load versus indentation depth curves through the nanoindentation test.

Modeling and Experiment of the Critical Depth of Cut at the Ductile-Brittle Transition for a 4H-SiC Single Crystal.

In this paper, a theoretical model of the critical depth of cut of nanoscratching on a 4H-SiC single crystal with a Berkovich indenter is proposed, and a series of scratch tests in a nanomechanical test system was performed. Through nanoindentation experimentation on fused quartz, the Berkovich indenter nose radius was indirectly confirmed using least squares. The range of critical depths of cut at the ductile-brittle transition was obtained by SEM observation, and the size of cracks was amplified with increasing scratching depth.

Cytokinin-induced parthenocarpy of San Pedro type fig (Ficus carica L.) main crop: explained by phytohormone assay and transcriptomic network comparison.

CPPU-induced San Pedro type fig main crop parthenocarpy exhibited constantly increasing IAA content and more significantly enriched KEGG pathways in the receptacle than in female flowers. N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU) was applied to San Pedro fig (Ficus carica L.) main crop to induce parthenocarpy; the optimal effect was obtained with 25 mg L application to syconia when female flowers were at anthesis.

Transcriptome analysis unravels spatiotemporal modulation of phytohormone-pathway expression underlying gibberellin-induced parthenocarpic fruit set in San Pedro-type fig (Ficus carica L.).

Background: Gibberellin (GA) treatments can induce parthenocarpy in the main crop of San Pedro-type figs, the native non-parthenocarpic fruit, however, the underlying mechanism is still largely unclear.

Results: In our study, GA was applied to San Pedro-type fig main crop at anthesis. Sharply increased GA content was detected in both female flowers and receptacle, along with significantly decreased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in female flowers, and increased zeatin peak intensity and earlier ABA peak in receptacles.

Systemic Bioavailability and Dose Proportionality of Omega-3 Administered in Free Fatty Acid Form Compared With Ethyl Ester Form: Results of a Phase 1 Study in Healthy Volunteers.

Background: Omega-3 carboxylic acids (OM3-CA) contains eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in free fatty acid form. Per gram, OM3-CA includes approximately half as much EPA as icosapent ethyl (IPE), an ethyl ester formulation of EPA.

Objective: The study aim was to assess systemic EPA and EPA + DHA exposures and plasma lipid parameters following multiple OM3-CA or IPE doses under low-fat dietary conditions, and dose proportionality after OM3-CA administration.

GSE1 negative regulation by miR-489-5p promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion.

Gse1 coiled-coil protein (GSE1), also known as KIAA0182, is a proline rich protein. However, the function of GSE1 is largely unknown. In this study, we reported that GSE1 is overexpression in breast cancer and silencing of GSE1 significantly suppressed breast cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion.

Growth and lipid accumulation characteristics of Scenedesmus obliquus in semi-continuous cultivation outdoors for biodiesel feedstock production.

In an effort to identify suitable microalgal species for biodiesel production, seven species were isolated from various habitats and their growth characteristics were compared. The results demonstrated that a green alga Scenedesmus obliquus could grow more rapidly and synthesize more lipids than other six microalgal strains. S.

[Effects of slopes on nitrogen transport along with runoff from sloping plots on a lateritic red soil amended with sewage sludge].

The effects of different slopes on nitrogen transport along with runoff from sloping plots amended with sewage sludge on a lateritic red soil were studied under simulated rainfall conditions. When the sludge was broadcasted and mixed with surface soils (BM), the MTN (total nitrogen of mixing sample), STN (total nitrogen of settled sample), TPN (total particulate nitrogen), TSN (total suspended nitrogen), TDN (total dissolved nitrogen) and NH4(+) -N concentrations and nitrogen loss amounts in runoff of all treatments were highest at 1 day or 18 days after application. The highest concentrations and the loss amounts of MTN and STN in the slope runoff for the BM treatment increased with slope degree, showing increasing pollution risks to the surface waters.

Flight morphology of Neotropical butterflies: palatability and distribution of mass to the thorax and abdomen.

We test whether palatability of Neotropical butterflies is associated with distribution of mass to the thorax and abdomen. Thoracic mass is predominantly muscle mass, whereas abdominal mass includes organs of digestion, food storage, and reproduction. To escape from predation, butterflies palatable to the rufous-tailed jacamar (Galbula ruficauda) use fast, erratic flight, whereas unpalatable butterflies have defensive chemicals and slow, regular flight patterns.