Gut microbiota and metabolic responses to a 12-week caloric restriction combined with strength and HIIT training in patients with obesity: a randomized trial.

Background: Nowadays, obesity has become a major health issue. In addition to negatively affecting body composition and metabolic health, recent evidence shows unfavorable shifts in gut microbiota in individuals with obesity. However, the effects of weight loss on gut microbes and metabolites remain controversial.

Vitamin D supplementation in cancer prevention and the management of cancer therapy.

Vitamin D is an important steroid hormone that exerts immunomodulatory actions, controls calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and significantly affects human health. Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem, affecting approximately 60% of adults worldwide, and has been implicated in a range of different types of diseases, e.g.

Impact of dance classes on motor and cognitive functions and gut microbiota composition in multiple sclerosis patients: Randomized controlled trial.

Evidence suggests that multiple sclerosis (MS) induces a decline in motor and cognitive function and provokes a shift in gut microbiome composition in patients. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the effect of dance classes on the motor and cognitive functions and gut microbiota composition of MS patients. In this randomized controlled trial, 36 patients were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 18) and the passive control group (n = 18).

Plasma irisin and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in sedentary subjects: effect of 8-weeks lifestyle intervention.

Sedentary lifestyle increasingly observed in the population contributes to the incremental incidence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, type 2 diabetes, hyper-tension, dyslipidemia, and others. Physical inactivity together with an imbalance in caloric intake and expenditure leads to a loss of muscle mass, reduced insulin sensitivity, and accumulation of the visceral fat. Organokines (adipokines, myokines, hepatokines, etc.

5-Fluorouracil Induced Hypertriglyceridemia During the Colorectal Cancer Treatment in a Patient With Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndrome: A Case Report.

Purpose: The case of a 47-year-old female patient who underwent sigmoidectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer is reported. Treatment with capecitabine and 5-fluorouracil induced severe hypertriglyceridemia repeatedly.

Methods: Based on laboratory tests and clinical evaluations, treatment was suggested by specialists.

Chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers: Aetiology, on the pathophysiology-based treatment.

The chronic venous disease covers a wide spectrum of venous disorders that are characterized by severely impaired blood return that primarily affects veins in the lower extremities. Morphological and functional abnormalities of the venous system led to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and present as leg heaviness/achiness, edema, telangiectasia, and varices. The term 'chronic venous insufficiency' (CVI) refers to a disease of greater severity.

Endothelial Function in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of GLP-1 Agonists, Lipoprotein Subfractions, and Redox Balance.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies have suggested an increased vascular risk in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). There is increasing evidence of the beneficial effects of GLP-1 agonists (GLP-1a) in preventing vascular complications and slowing the progression of neurodegeneration. Our objective was to explore the changes in the endothelial function of MS patients after 12 months of GLP-1a therapy.

Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Individuals with Class III Obesity Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pilot Analysis.

Gut microbial composition seems to change in association with prediabetes. The purpose of this prospective cross-sectional study was to compare the composition of gut microbiota and energy metabolites between individuals with class III obesity but without type 2 diabetes mellitus (OB) and healthy normal weight controls. The subjects of this prospective cross-sectional study were participants recruited from a previous clinical trial (No: NCT02325804), with intervention focused on weight loss.

Nutritional interventions for patients with alkaptonuria: A minireview.

Alkaptonuria (AKU, OMIM, No. 203500) is a rare, slow-progressing, irreversible, multisystemic disease resulting from a deficiency of the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase enzyme, which leads to the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) and subsequent deposition as pigment in connective tissues called ochronosis. As a result, severe arthropathy of large joints and spondyloarthropathy with frequent fractures, ligament ruptures, and osteoporosis develops in AKU patients.

APOC3 and ABCA1 variants in unusual combined hypolipidaemia showing premature peripheral vascular disease.

Background: Familial combined hypolipidaemia is a condition characterised by very low concentrations of circulating very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). It is thought that low LDL/combined hypolipidaemia can protect from cardiovascular disease (CVD), but this is not what we found in a case we present.

Objective: We report on a 57-years-old male patient with combined hypolipidaemia who presented with premature peripheral vascular disease.

Signaling pathways in cutaneous wound healing.

Wound healing is a very complex process, where variety of different pathways is activated, depending on the phase of healing. Improper or interrupted healing might result in development of chronic wounds. Therefore, novel approaches based on detailed knowledge of signalling pathways that are activated during acute or chronic cutaneous wound healing enables quicker and more effective healing.

Pilot study of longterm low fat diet in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background And Objective: To assess longterm feasibility of low saturated fat diet (less than 15 g of saturated fat per day) in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and its effect on the course of the disease.

Materials And Methods: Patients were enrolled into a single arm, prospective study. The eligibility criteria included the diagnosis of RRMS according to the McDonald criteria 2010 and the ability to comply with the diet.

Water intake, thirst, and copeptin responses to two dehydrating stimuli in lean men and men with obesity.

Objective: Physiological systems responsible for water homeostasis and energy metabolism are interconnected. This study hypothesized altered responses to dehydration including thirst, ad libitum water intake, and copeptin in men with obesity.

Methods: Forty-two men (22 lean and 20 with obesity) were stimulated by a 2-hour hypertonic saline infusion and a 24-hour water deprivation.

Gut Microbiome Suffers from Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood and Its Characteristics Are Positively Associated with Intra-Hospital Physical Exercise.

Gut microbiome impairment is a serious side effect of cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment on gut microbiota composition in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Fecal microbiotas were categorized using specific primers targeting the V1-V3 region of 16S rDNA in eligible pediatric ALL patients after HSCT (n = 16) and in healthy controls (Ctrl, n = 13).

Effect of High-intensity Training and Probiotics on Gut Microbiota Diversity in Competitive Swimmers: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Physical exercise has favorable effects on the structure of gut microbiota and metabolite production in sedentary subjects. However, little is known whether adjustments in an athletic program impact overall changes of gut microbiome in high-level athletes. We therefore characterized fecal microbiota and serum metabolites in response to a 7-week, high-intensity training program and consumption of probiotic Bryndza cheese.

Autonomic Nervous System Function in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis: Association With Lipid Levels and Insulin Resistance.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies showed differences in insulin resistance (IR) and lipoprotein levels in MS subjects compared to controls. Lipolysis caused by increased sympathetic activity could be one of the possible linking mechanisms leading to dyslipidemia in MS.

Strenuous Physical Training, Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Bacteroides to Prevotella Ratio in the Gut of Elderly Athletes.

Regular physical activity seems to have a positive effect on the microbiota composition of the elderly, but little is known about the added possible benefits of strenuous endurance training. To gain insight into the physiology of the elderly and to identify biomarkers associated with endurance training, we combined different omics approaches. We aimed to investigate the gut microbiome, plasma composition, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength of lifetime elderly endurance athletes (LA) age 63.

The Efficacy of Short-Term Weight Loss Programs and Consumption of Natural Probiotic Bryndza Cheese on Gut Microbiota Composition in Women.

Weight loss interventions with probiotics have favourable effects on gut microbiota composition and derived metabolites. However, little is known about whether the consumption of natural probiotics, such as Bryndza cheeses, brings similar benefits. The purpose of the study was to find the effect of short-term weight loss programs and Bryndza cheese consumption on the structure of the gut microbiota, microbiota-derived metabolites and body composition in middle-aged women.

Cardiac autonomic function in patients with early multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been reported in patients with long-standing multiple sclerosis (MS); however, data in early disease are limited. The present study was aimed at evaluating cardiac autonomic function in patients with early MS in the context of white matter metabolic status, which could potentially affect functions of the autonomic brain centers.

Methods: Cardiac sympathetic and baroreflex cardiovagal responses to the Valsalva maneuver, orthostatic test, and the Stroop test were evaluated in 16 early, treatment-naïve patients with relapsing-remitting MS, and in 14 healthy participants.

Association of lipoprotein levels with sleep apnea: role of autonomic dysfunction.

Although multiple mechanisms, including autonomic dysfunction, seem to link sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) with dyslipidemia in animal studies, the data in clinical studies are limited. The aim of this study was to explore the association of lipoprotein levels with SDB measures in healthy habitual snorers. We supposed that autonomic dysfunction is the linking mechanism.

Gut Microbiota Diversity in Lean Athletes Is Associated with Positive Energy Balance.

Introduction: In contrast to obesity, little is known about the human lean phenotype associated with gut microbiota composition.

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether the bacterial composition of lean athletes with a positive energy balance differs from the equal-calorie food group.

Methods: Twenty-four male participants were included in this cross-sectional study: lean athletes with a positive energy balance (LA, n 12) and control group athletes (CTRLs, n 12).

Lipoprotein profiling in early multiple sclerosis patients: effect of chronic inflammation?

Background: Inflammatory cytokines contribute to proatherogenic changes in lipid metabolism by reduction of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, impairment of its antiinflammatory and antioxidant functions. Therefore, the protective actions of HDL-C can be limited in chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to assess the association between lipoprotein subfractions and inflammatory status in early stages of multiple sclerosis.

Oxidative stress in patients with newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis: any association with subclinical atherosclerosis?

Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) typically affecting young adults. Although the pathogenesis of MS is not fully understood, there is evidence to suggest that inflammation-induced oxidative stress can play a role in demyelination and axonal damage. Oxidative stress also participates in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis.

Effect of 8-weeks intensive lifestyle intervention on LDL and HDL subfractions.

Objective: Atherogenic dyslipidemia is a cardinal feature of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Many interventional studies, describing the influence of weight loss on cardiometabolic risks, are bariatric surgery studies. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of intensive lifestyle changes on LDL- and HDL-cholesterol subfractions and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese subjects.

Calcium signaling affects migration and proliferation differently in individual cancer cells due to nifedipine treatment.

Several papers have reported that calcium channel blocking drugs were associated with increased breast cancer risk and worsened prognosis. One of the most common signs of breast tumors is the presence of small deposits of calcium, known as microcalcifications. Therefore, we studied the effect of dihydropyridine nifedipine on selected calcium transport systems in MDA-MB-231 cells, originating from triple negative breast tumor and JIMT1 cells that represent a model of HER2-positive breast cancer, which possesses amplification of HER2 receptor, but cells do not response to HER2 inhibition treatment with trastuzumab.