Dopamine Release in the Nonhuman Primate Caudate and Putamen Depends upon Site of Stimulation in the Subthalamic Nucleus.

Unlabelled: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for medically refractory Parkinson's disease. Although DBS has recognized clinical utility, its biologic mechanisms are not fully understood, and whether dopamine release is a potential factor in those mechanisms is in dispute. We tested the hypothesis that STN DBS-evoked dopamine release depends on the precise location of the stimulation site in the STN and the site of recording in the caudate and putamen.

Centromedian-Parafascicular Complex Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: A Retrospective Study.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic centromedian/parafascicular (CM-Pf) complex has been reported as a promising treatment for patients with severe, treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome (TS). In this study, safety and clinical outcomes of bilateral thalamic CM-Pf DBS were reviewed in a series of 12 consecutive patients with medically refractory TS, 11 of whom met the criteria of postsurgical follow-up at our institution for at least 2 months. Five patients were followed for a year or longer.

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation induces motor network BOLD activation: use of a high precision MRI guided stereotactic system for nonhuman primates.

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful method for identifying in vivo network activation evoked by deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Objective: Identify the global neural circuitry effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS in nonhuman primates (NHP).

Method: An in-house developed MR image-guided stereotactic targeting system delivered a mini-DBS stimulating electrode, and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation during STN DBS in healthy NHP was measured by combining fMRI with a normalized functional activation map and general linear modeling.

Centromedian-parafascicular deep brain stimulation induces differential functional inhibition of the motor, associative, and limbic circuits in large animals.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the centromedian-parafascicular (CM-Pf) thalamic nuclei has been considered an option for treating Tourette syndrome. Using a large animal DBS model, this study was designed to explore the network effects of CM-Pf DBS.

Methods: The combination of DBS and functional magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful means of tracing brain circuitry and testing the modulatory effects of electrical stimulation on a neuronal network in vivo.