Publications by authors named "Penelope Rose"
Article Synopsis
- This study focuses on the use of noninvasive diagnostic methods to detect esophageal varices (EVs) in patients with compensated cirrhosis, contrasting with the traditional invasive method of upper endoscopy.
- Conducted on 50 patients at a hospital in Cape Town, the study analyzed various clinical and lab data, showing that 68% of participants had EVs, primarily caused by alcohol, hepatitis B, or autoimmune factors.
- Key findings emphasize significant differences in factors like liver and spleen stiffness, platelet counts, and dimensions that could enhance the accuracy of noninvasive tools for identifying EVs in patients.
Article Synopsis
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a rising concern in individuals living with HIV, specifically impacting children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
- A study followed 263 children over two years, comparing those with PHIV on older ART regimens and those switched to a newer regimen (TLD) with children without HIV (HU).
- Results indicated that PHIV on older ART had significantly higher controlled attenuation parameters (CAP) suggesting greater liver fat compared to HU, but those switched to TLD showed no differences, indicating early ART intervention may help prevent liver damage.
Background: We assessed the Pathological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) score and other potential cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents previously enrolled in the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral (CHER) and International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network P1060 clinical trials.
Methods: Coronary artery and abdominal aorta (AA) PDAY scores were calculated for 56 participants over 15 years of age using a weighted combination of dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, and hyperglycemia. A PDAY score ≥1 is associated with early atherosclerosis.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to establish normal ranges for liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in healthy South African children, using transient elastography to assess liver health.
- A total of 104 children, average age 12.8 years, were analyzed; findings showed boys had higher liver stiffness levels than girls, and stiffness increased with age.
- Although CAP values were influenced by body mass index (BMI), they did not show variation based on age or sex.
Background: Although dolutegravir (DTG) has a favorable metabolic profile, it has been linked to excess weight gain. We evaluated changes in hepatic steatosis in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV switching to DTG-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Methods: Virologically suppressed adolescents switched to dolutegravir for a minimum of 4 months or on unchanged ART (84% protease inhibitor) were assessed prospectively with anthropometry, transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and fasting metabolic profiles.
Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in South African children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) who started treatment early and remain on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to HIV-uninfected children.
Design: A cross-sectional study from April 2019 to October 2021. PHIV, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed (HU) children were enrolled from an ongoing cohort study.
Background: Currently recommended treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) includes 4-8 months of an injectable medication, which is poorly tolerated. We evaluated the impact of coadministering lidocaine on pain and pharmacokinetics of intramuscular injections of amikacin in children with MDR-TB.
Methods: Children 8-18 years of age, receiving amikacin for MDR-TB treatment in Cape Town, South Africa, were eligible for this randomized crossover trial.
Background: Vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is contraindicated. HIV-exposed newborns need a new tuberculosis vaccination strategy that protects against tuberculosis early in life and avoids the potential risk of BCG disease until after HIV infection has been excluded.
Methods: This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial compared newborn MVA85A prime vaccination (1 × 108 PFU) vs Candin® control, followed by selective, deferred BCG vaccination at age 8 weeks for HIV-uninfected infants and 12 months follow-up for safety and immunogenicity.
Options for the treatment of children with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) are limited. Emerging evidence in adults from systematic reviews and a randomized trial has shown good efficacy of linezolid in difficult cases of DR-TB but with frequent serious adverse effects. Published data in children are limited and we are unaware of formal guidelines for linezolid in treatment of paediatric DR-TB, though it will likely be an important component of DR-TB treatment for a growing number of children.
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