Proteomic Profiling of Enteroid Cultures Skewed toward Development of Specific Epithelial Lineages.

Recently, 3D small intestinal organoids (enteroids) have been developed from cultures of intestinal stem cells which differentiate in vitro to generate all the differentiated epithelial cell types associated with the intestine and mimic the structural properties of the intestine observed in vivo. Small-molecule drug treatment can skew organoid epithelial cell differentiation toward particular lineages, and these skewed enteroids may provide useful tools to study specific epithelial cell populations, such as goblet and Paneth cells. However, the extent to which differentiated epithelial cell populations in these skewed enteroids represent their in vivo counterparts is not fully understood.

Classical swine fever virus induces proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor expression and inhibits apoptosis and interferon synthesis during the establishment of long-term infection of porcine vascular endothelial cells.

Infection with virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) results in an acute haemorrhagic disease of pigs, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression, whereas for less virulent isolates infection can become chronic. In view of the haemorrhagic pathology of the disease, the effects of the virus on vascular endothelial cells was studied by using relative quantitative PCR and ELISA. Following infection, there was an initial and short-lived increase in the transcript levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukins 1, 6 and 8 at 3 h followed by a second more sustained increase 24 h post-infection.