An Excellent Functional Recovery Following Grade IV Subarachnoid Hemorrhage From a Cerebral Aneurysm Rebleed With Ultra-Early Surgical Intervention: A Case Report.

Aneurysms are focal abnormal dilations of the arterial wall occurring frequently at branching points along the arteries of the base of the brain. Aneurysmal rupture is one of the possible aneurysm complications and can cause aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages (aSAH). Treatment of aSAH consists of pharmacologic, surgical, or endovascular approaches.

Reactivated disseminated tuberculosis in pregnancy: Case report and review of the literature.

This case report describes the evaluation and management of a 32-year-old woman who presented shortly after a fetal demise at 23 weeks of gestation with multiple symptoms, including bloody vaginal discharge. Although the initial diagnostic concern was for metastatic malignancy, the patient was ultimately determined to have disseminated tuberculosis. Genital tuberculosis is common worldwide, yet guidelines for evaluation are limited.

A Mobile Education and Social Support Group Intervention for Improving Postpartum Health in Northern India: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Structural and cultural barriers limit Indian women's access to adequate postnatal care and support despite their importance for maternal and neonatal health. Targeted postnatal education and support through a mobile health intervention may improve postnatal recovery, neonatal care practices, nutritional status, knowledge and care seeking, and mental health.

Objective: We sought to understand the feasibility and acceptability of our first pilot phase, a flexible 6-week postnatal mobile health intervention delivered to 3 groups of women in Punjab, India, and adapt our intervention for our next pilot phase, which will formally assess intervention feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy.

Access to and Use of Mobile Phone by Postpartum, Married Women in Punjab, India: Secondary Analysis of mHealth Intervention Pilot Data.

Background: As mobile phone uptake in India continues to grow, there is also continued interest in mobile platform-based interventions for health education. There is a significant gender gap in mobile phone access-women's access to mobile phones is constrained by economic and social barriers. Pregnancy and postpartum care is one of many targets for mobile health (mHealth) interventions that particularly rely upon women's access to and facility with mobile phone use.

Implementation of MPOWER Package in the South-East Asia Region: Evidence from the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic (2009-2021).

The WHO MPOWER package is a set of six evidence-based and cost-effective measures which was introduced on 7 February 2008 to facilitate the implementation of the provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control at the ground level. These measures are: Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies (M); Protecting people from tobacco smoke (P); Offering help to quit tobacco use (O); Warning about the dangers of tobacco (W); Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (E); and Raising taxes on tobacco (R). Since its launch, the MPOWER package has become the guiding principle for all the countries of the South-East Asia Region in their crusade against the tobacco epidemic.

HIV-1 pol gene diversity and molecular dating of subtype C from Sri Lanka.

Background: The first case of HIV infection in Sri Lanka was reported in 1987 and at the end of 2018 there were 3500 people living with HIV. There have been commendable efforts made towards the detection, treatment, and prevention of HIV in the country. Even though the genetic diversity of HIV has been shown to affect the parameters ranging from detection to vaccine development, there is no data available with respect to the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Sri Lanka.

Accelerating reforms of primary health care towards universal health coverage in Sri Lanka.

Since the late 1920s, the Sri Lankan health system has been based on a firm foundation of primary health care, and it has been recognized internationally as a highly successful low-cost model. However, rethinking the future health-care model has been essential, owing to the country having one of the fastest ageing populations in the world, coupled with a high premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases. To sustain past gains and meet new challenges, several models centred on an expanded primary health-care system have been trialled and refined in the past decade.

Outcomes for individuals turned down for living kidney donation.

Background: A better understanding of the consequences of being turned down for living kidney donation could help transplant professionals to counsel individuals considering donation.

Methods: In this exploratory study, we used survey instruments and qualitative interviews to characterize nonmedical outcomes among individuals turned down for living kidney donation between July 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013. We assembled a comparator group of kidney donors.

Social Media Interventions to Promote HIV Testing, Linkage, Adherence, and Retention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Social media is increasingly used to deliver HIV interventions for key populations worldwide. However, little is known about the specific uses and effects of social media on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interventions.

Objective: This systematic review examines the effectiveness of social media interventions to promote HIV testing, linkage, adherence, and retention among key populations.

The HepTestContest: a global innovation contest to identify approaches to hepatitis B and C testing.

Background: Innovation contests are a novel approach to elicit good ideas and innovative practices in various areas of public health. There remains limited published literature on approaches to deliver hepatitis testing. The purpose of this innovation contest was to identify examples of different hepatitis B and C approaches to support countries in their scale-up of hepatitis testing and to supplement development of formal recommendations on service delivery in the 2017 World Health Organization hepatitis B and C testing guidelines.

Drug resistance in malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV in South East Asia: biology, programme, and policy considerations.

Malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV present unique challenges in the control of antimicrobial resistance, and require targeted policies, say

Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and Syphilis (EMTCT): Process, progress, and program integration.

Melanie Taylor and colleagues discuss progress towards eliminating vertical transmission of HIV and syphilis.

Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment using generic direct-acting antivirals available in India.

Background & Aims: Availability of directly-acting antivirals (DAAs) has changed the treatment landscape of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The high price of DAAs has restricted their use in several countries. However, in some countries such as India, generic DAAs are available at much cheaper price.

HIV/AIDS in the South-East Asia region: progress and challenges.

The South-East Asia region, with 11 member states, has an estimated 3.5 million people living with HIV (PLHIV). More than 99% of PLHIV live in five countries where HIV prevalence among the population aged 15-49 remains low but is between 2% and 29% among key populations.

Epidemiology of HIV, programmatic progress and gaps in last 10 years in Nepal.

Background And Objectives: Nepal has made progress with the control of HIV infection in recent years. There have been changes in epidemiology, programme interventions in different population groups, and changes in policies over the last 10 years, particularly in diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this review was conducted to identify the effectiveness of different interventions/policies in different sub-populations at risk, targeted towards epidemiology and treatment outcomes for those with HIV infection in Nepal.

A success story: identified gaps and the way forward for low HIV prevalence in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh remains a low prevalence country for HIV infection. In this article we attempt to address the reasons for the present success in this country and the challenges lying ahead to minimise the spread of HIV in the future.

Evolution of the health sector response to HIV in Myanmar: progress, challenges and the way forward.

Critical building blocks for the response to HIV were made until 2012 despite a series of political, social and financial challenges. A rapid increase of HIV service coverage was observed from 2012 to 2015 through collaborative efforts of government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Government facilities, in particular, demonstrated their capacity to expand services for antiretroviral therapy (ART), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, tuberculosis and HIV co-infection and methadone-maintenance therapy (MMT).

Should HIV testing for all pregnant women continue? Cost-effectiveness of universal antenatal testing compared to focused approaches across high to very low HIV prevalence settings.

Introduction: HIV testing is the entry point for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Decreasing external funding for the HIV response in some low- and middle-income countries has triggered the question of whether a focused approach to HIV testing targeting pregnant women in high-burden areas should be considered. This study aimed at determining and comparing the cost-effectiveness of universal and focused HIV testing approaches for pregnant women across high to very low HIV prevalence settings.