Imaging findings in suspected penile fracture: alternative diagnoses and surgical correlation.

Objectives: The primary objective is to compare the imaging and surgical findings in a cohort of patients with suspected penile fracture (PF).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all patients with suspected PF over an 11-year period at a tertiary referral andrology centre. All dedicated presurgical imaging with ultrasound (US) and MRI was analysed and correlated with intraoperative findings; alternative diagnoses were recorded.

Corrigendum to "Different pre-treatments and kinetic models for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: A review" [Heliyon 9(6) June 2023 e16604].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

The Transatlantic Recommendations for Prostate Gland Evaluation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Focal Therapy (TARGET): A Systematic Review and International Consensus Recommendations.

Background And Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect recurrences after focal therapy for prostate cancer but there is no robust guidance regarding its use. Our objective was to produce consensus recommendations on MRI acquisition, interpretation, and reporting after focal therapy.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in July 2022 to develop consensus statements.

Severe emphysematous pyelonephritis as a complication of klebsiella pneumonia and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

A female in her 40s, with poorly controlled Type I diabetes mellitus, was brought to our tertiary hospital by ambulance after being found drowsy. Six days prior, she had self-discharged from the Intensive Care Unit whilst being treated for a Klebsiella pneumonia. At re-admission, she had an acute kidney injury with abdominal pain and clinical features of sepsis.

Investigation of bioethanol production from jatropha deoiled cake and its blending effects for environmental sustainability.

This paper describes the process of extracting ethanol from Jatropha curcas and its various blending effects on spark-ignited engine performance for environmental sustainability. Alternatives to conventional fuel sources have to be found because of the depletion of fossil fuels and stringent regulations. Every day, the growing population and improved transportation increase the energy demand.

Different pre-treatments and kinetic models for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: A review.

Lignocellulosic biomass is the generally explored substrate to produce bioethanol for environmental sustainability due to its availability in abundance. However, the complex network of cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin present in it makes its hydrolysis as a challenging task. To boost the effectiveness of conversion, biomass is pre-treated before enzymatic hydrolysis to alter or destroy its original composition.

A National Referral Service for Paediatric Brachytherapy: An Evolving Practice and Outcomes Over 13 Years.

Aims: Most children requiring radiotherapy receive external beam treatment and few have tumours suitable for brachytherapy. No paediatric radiotherapy centre will treat enough patients from its own normal catchment population for expertise in brachytherapy to be developed and sustained. Following discussion and agreement in the national paediatric radiotherapy group, a service for paediatric brachytherapy in the UK has been developed.

MRI in the Management of Prostate Cancer.

Multiparametric MRI has a changing role in prostate cancer diagnosis. Internationally recognized consensus documents such as prostate imaging reporting and data system version have been developed and adapted to standardize the acquisition and reporting of prostate MRI. The improvement in scanning techniques and development of highly sensitive functional sequences have improved the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer as well as treatment planning and follow up.

Comparison of MRI Activity Scoring Systems and Features for the Terminal Ileum in Patients With Crohn Disease.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate four previously validated MRI activity scoring systems for diagnosis and grading of Crohn disease (CD) in the terminal ileum against an endoscopic and histopathologic reference standard.

Subjects And Methods: Ethics approval and written informed consent were obtained. Subjects with known or suspected CD were prospectively recruited between December 2011 and August 2014.

Arterial spin labelling MRI to measure renal perfusion: a systematic review and statement paper.

Renal perfusion provides the driving pressure for glomerular filtration and delivers the oxygen and nutrients to fuel solute reabsorption. Renal ischaemia is a major mechanism in acute kidney injury and may promote the progression of chronic kidney disease. Thus, quantifying renal tissue perfusion is critically important for both clinicians and physiologists.

Quantified Terminal Ileal Motility during MR Enterography as a Biomarker of Crohn Disease Activity: Prospective Multi-Institution Study.

Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of MRI-quantified small bowel motility for Crohn disease activity against endoscopic and histopathologic reference standards. Materials and Methods For this prospective study, 82 participants (median age, 31 years; range, 16 to 70 years; 42 males [median age, 31 years; range, 17 to 70 years] and 40 females [median age, 31 years; range, 16 to 63 years) underwent colonoscopy and MR enterography within 14 days (from October 2011 to March 2014) at two centers. The Crohn disease endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS), histopathologic activity score (endoscopic biopsy acute histologic inflammatory score [EAIS]), and MR index of activity (MaRIA) were scored in the terminal ileum.

Semiautomatic Assessment of the Terminal Ileum and Colon in Patients with Crohn Disease Using MRI (the VIGOR++ Project).

Rationale And Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a predictive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity score for ileocolonic Crohn disease activity based on both subjective and semiautomatic MRI features.

Materials And Methods: An MRI activity score (the "virtual gastrointestinal tract [VIGOR]" score) was developed from 27 validated magnetic resonance enterography datasets, including subjective radiologist observation of mural T2 signal and semiautomatic measurements of bowel wall thickness, excess volume, and dynamic contrast enhancement (initial slope of increase). A second subjective score was developed based on only radiologist observations.

Investigating Low-Velocity Fluid Flow in Tumors with Convection-MRI.

Several distinct fluid flow phenomena occur in solid tumors, including intravascular blood flow and interstitial convection. Interstitial fluid pressure is often raised in solid tumors, which can limit drug delivery. To probe low-velocity flow in tumors resulting from raised interstitial fluid pressure, we developed a novel MRI technique named convection-MRI, which uses a phase-contrast acquisition with a dual-inversion vascular nulling preparation to separate intra- and extravascular flow.

Evaluating the association of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms with response to gemcitabine and platinum combination chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder .

Objective: To examine germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as markers of response to gemcitabine platinum (GP) combination chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Methods: Saliva or blood was prospectively collected from 216 patients treated with GP for UC of the bladder between 1991 and 2011. Based on reported associations with gemcitabine and cisplatin response or putative mechanisms of gemcitabine or cisplatin/carboplatin activity, we selected SNPs of interest and were able to genotype 59 SNPs (using the SequenomMass ARRAYiPLEX platform) in 261 patients randomly split 2/3 into a training set (n = 174) and 1/3 into a test set (n = 87).

Diffusion-weighted imaging for evaluating inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease: comparison with histopathology, conventional MRI activity scores, and faecal calprotectin.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the extent of enteric diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signal abnormality reflects inflammatory burden in Crohn's disease (CD), and to compare qualitative and quantitative grading.

Methods: 69 CD patients (35 male, age 16-78) undergoing MR enterography with DWI (MRE-D) and the same-day faecal calprotectin (cohort 1) were supplemented by 29 patients (19 male, age 16-70) undergoing MRE-D and terminal ileal biopsy (cohort 2). Global (cohort 1) and terminal ileal (cohort 2) DWI signal was graded (0 to 3) by 2 radiologists and segmental apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated.

Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia of the terminal ileum can mimic active crohn disease on MR enterography.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the MRI findings associated with lymphoid nodular hyperplasia at MR enterography and test the ability of radiologists to differentiate healthy control subjects from patients with Crohn disease (CD).

Materials And Methods: Ethical approval was granted for this retrospective study. Thirty-five subjects (nine with lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, 13 with CD, and 13 control subjects) who had undergone MR enterography and ileocolonoscopy were identified from the hospital database.

Sensitivity and specificity of CT colonography for the detection of colonic neoplasia after positive faecal occult blood testing: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: CT colonography (CTC) is recommended after positive faecal occult blood testing (FOBt) when colonoscopy is incomplete or infeasible. We aimed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of CTC for colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps following positive FOBt via systematic review.

Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED and Cochrane Library databases were searched for CTC studies reporting sensitivity and specificity for colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps.

Grading Crohn disease activity with MRI: interobserver variability of MRI features, MRI scoring of severity, and correlation with Crohn disease endoscopic index of severity.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to assess the interobserver variability for scoring MRI features of Crohn disease activity and to correlate two MRI scoring systems to the Crohn disease endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three consecutive patients with Crohn disease undergoing 3-T MRI examinations (T1-weighted with IV contrast medium administration and T2-weighted sequences) and ileocolonoscopy within 1 month were independently evaluated by four readers. Seventeen MRI features were recorded in 143 bowel segments and were used to calculate the MR index of activity and the Crohn disease MRI index (CDMI) score.

Evaluation of Crohn's disease activity: initial validation of a magnetic resonance enterography global score (MEGS) against faecal calprotectin.

Objectives: To develop an MRI enterography global score (MEGS) of Crohn's disease (CD) activity compared with a reference standard of faecal calprotectin (fC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI).

Methods: Calprotectin, CRP and HBI were prospectively recorded for 71 patients (median age 33, male 35) with known/suspected CD undergoing MRI enterography. Two observers in consensus scored activity for nine bowel segments, grading mural thickness, T2 signal, mesenteric oedema, T1 enhancement and pattern, and haustral loss.

Imaging techniques for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease: joint ECCO and ESGAR evidence-based consensus guidelines.

The management of patients with IBD requires evaluation with objective tools, both at the time of diagnosis and throughout the course of the disease, to determine the location, extension, activity and severity of inflammatory lesions, as well as, the potential existence of complications. Whereas endoscopy is a well-established and uniformly performed diagnostic examination, the implementation of radiologic techniques for assessment of IBD is still heterogeneous; variations in technical aspects and the degrees of experience and preferences exist across countries in Europe. ECCO and ESGAR scientific societies jointly elaborated a consensus to establish standards for imaging in IBD using magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasonography, and including also other radiologic procedures such as conventional radiology or nuclear medicine examinations for different clinical situations that include general principles, upper GI tract, colon and rectum, perineum, liver and biliary tract, emergency situation, and the postoperative setting.

Phase II study of everolimus in metastatic urothelial cancer.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and what does the study add?: No recent advances have been made in the treatment of patients with advanced bladder cancer and, to date, targeted therapies have not resulted in an improvement in outcome. The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway has been shown to be up-regulated in bladder cancer and represents a rational target for therapeutic intervention. In the present phase II study of everolimus, one near-complete response, one partial response and several minor responses suggest that everolimus possesses biological activity in a subset of patients with bladder cancer.

Complications of CT colonography: a review.

Since its inception, one of the main advantages of computed tomography colonography (CTC) over colonoscopy has been its assumed superior safety profile. However CTC is not without complication and adverse events are well described. Although the risks of insufflation, bowel preparation, contrast media and radiation dose are very small, they are not insignificant.