Optimization and kinetics modeling of okara isoflavones extraction using subcritical water.

In this study, the soybean milk and tofu byproduct okara was subjected to subcritical water extraction with the intention of recovering isoflavones with minimal degradation. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the extraction variables indicated that optimized conditions would be T = 146.23 °C, P = 3.

Smart Carriers for Controlled Drug Delivery: Thermosensitive Polymers Embedded in Ordered Mesoporous Carbon.

An efficient drug delivery system was introduced. The carrier was synthesized by combination of an ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK3) and a thermosensitive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), known as PNIPAAm. The polymers with 2 different chain lengths (PNIPAAm-100n and PNIPAAm-400n) were synthesized and each of the polymers was embedded in CMK3 to form composite materials.

Analysis of Adsorbate-Adsorbate and Adsorbate-Adsorbent Interactions to Decode Isosteric Heats of Gas Adsorption.

A qualitative interpretation is proposed to interpret isosteric heats of adsorption by considering contributions from three general classes of interaction energy: fluid-fluid heat, fluid-solid heat, and fluid-high-energy site (HES) heat. Multiple temperature adsorption isotherms are defined for nitrogen, T=(75, 77, 79) K, argon at T=(85, 87, 89) K, and for water and methanol at T=(278, 288, 298) K on a well-characterized polymer-based, activated carbon. Nitrogen and argon are subjected to isosteric heat analyses; their zero filling isosteric heats of adsorption are consistent with slit-pore, adsorption energy enhancement modelling.

Immersion Calorimetry: Molecular Packing Effects in Micropores.

Repeated and controlled immersion calorimetry experiments were performed to determine the specific surface area and pore-size distribution (PSD) of a well-characterized, microporous poly(furfuryl alcohol)-based activated carbon. The PSD derived from nitrogen gas adsorption indicated a narrow distribution centered at 0.57±0.

Computational insights into the molecular interaction and ion-pair structures of a novel zinc-functionalized ionic liquid, [Emim][Zn(TFSI)₃].

The ion pair structures of a novel CO2 capture material in the form of a metal chelate anion-containing room temperature ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tri[bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide]zincate(II), [Emim][Zn(TFSI)3], were elucidated by correlating the infrared spectra generated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the experimental spectrum derived from a room temperature infrared spectroscopic measurement. A free volume energy minimization algorithm revealed stable structures where the zinc ion forms an octahedral, homoleptic complex with the ligand bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide through coordination with the oxygen of the sulfone group, with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acting as the counterion. The method of analysis was built around 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [Emim][TFSI], involving direct comparison with published data, and extended to the more complex [Emim][Zn(TFSI)3] system.

Physical factors affecting chloroquine binding to melanin.

Chloroquine is an antimalarial drug but is also prescribed for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term users risk toxic side effects, including retinopathy, thought to be caused by chloroquine accumulation on ocular melanin. Although the binding potential of chloroquine to melanin has been investigated previously, our study is the first to demonstrate clear links between chloroquine adsorption by melanin and system factors including temperature, pH, melanin type, and particle size.

Analysis of ionic strength effects on the adsorption of simple amino acids.

Hypothesis: Amino acid adsorption by metals and/or oxide surfaces is important in many biomedical and industrial processes, however limited information exists discussing ionic strength influences on the mechanism of adsorption. A comparison of pure water solution and added 1:1 electrolyte should highlight the effects of electrolyte on amount adsorbed. ATR spectroscopy of the adsorbed phase should demonstrate the effects on the mechanism of adsorption.

Pain patients and who they live with: a correlational study of coresidence patterns and pain interference.

Background: Mixed associations have been observed between various aspects of 'social support' and patient pain experiences.

Objective: To explore the possibility that more basic social factors, namely coresidence patterns, may be associated with variability in patient pain experiences.

Methods: Relationships between coresidence partners and self-reported pain that interferes with activities were examined in a large representative sample of home health care patients (n=11,436; age range 18 to 107 years, mean [± SD] age 66.

Infrared spectrum analysis of the dissociated states of simple amino acids.

In this work, we present detailed analyses of the dissociation of dilute aqueous solutions of glycine and of lysine over the range 1 View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Brown seaweed (Saccharina japonica) as an edible natural delivery matrix for allyl isothiocyanate inhibiting food-borne bacteria.

The edible, brown seaweed Saccharina japonica was prepared as powder in the size range 500-900 μm for the desorption release of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). Powders were used as raw (containing lipids) and as de-oiled, where the lipid was removed. In general, de-oiled powders adsorbed larger masses of AITC after vapour or solution contact.

Factors affecting skin tannin extractability in ripening grapes.

The acetone-extractable (70% v/v) skin tannin content of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grapes was found to increase during late-stage ripening.

Analysis of uncertainties in manometric gas-adsorption measurements: II. Uncertainty in alpha(S)-analyses and pore volumes.

We describe procedures to propagate the uncertainty in adsorption data and alpha(S)-values to generate uncertainty in apparent primary, secondary, and total micropore volumes for porous activated carbons exhibiting Type I and IV character. The alpha(S)-data are interpolated from selected non-porous reference material (NPRM) adsorption isotherm data with some adsorbents exhibiting surface chemistry quite different from and some similar to that of the porous adsorbents (PA). We show that a statistically constant apparent total micropore volume can be determined independent of the NPRM surface chemistry.

Activated carbon oxygen content influence on water and surfactant adsorption.

This research investigates the adsorption properties of three activated carbons (AC) derived from coconut, coal, and wood origin. Each carbon demonstrates different levels of resistance to 2 M NaOH treatment. The coconut AC offers the greatest and wood AC the least resistance.

Sample container temperature gradient influence on the BET specific surface area.

Differences between BET specific surface area (BET SSA) values exist due to data collected in stainless steel and less thermally conductive sample holders. Not accounting for the temperature gradient along stainless steel sample holders during manometric gas adsorption measurements at cryogenic temperatures leads to errors of up to 3.2% in the BET SSA values with a relative combined standard uncertainty (RCSU) of 0.

Kinetics of dodecanoic acid adsorption from caustic solution by activated carbon.

This study examines the influences of adsorbent porosity and surface chemistry and of carbon dosage on dodecanoic acid adsorption kinetics from aqueous and 2 M NaOH solutions as batch adsorption processes. Both adsorbents are steam-activated carbons prepared from either coconut or coal precursors. Prior to use the adsorbents were washed in deionized water or 2 M NaOH.

Microcystin-LR Adsorption by Activated Carbon.

We use a selection of wood-based and coconut-based activated carbons to investigate the factors controlling the removal of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (m-LR) from aqueous solutions. The wood carbons contain both micropores and mesopores. The coconut carbons contain micropores only.

Temperature Influence of Benzene Adsorption by a Microporous Silica.

The theory for volume filling of micropores is used to describe benzene adsorption isotherms measured over a 25 K temperature range. The adsorption potential or molar work of adsorption for the isotherm at 298 K is derived and compared with Weibull, Gaussian, and gamma potential distribution functions. The Weibull function is fitted via a two-term Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equation.

Determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-chemical ionisation/electron impact ionisation-ion-trap mass spectrometry.

A method for the determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in water by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is presented. Various SPME fibre chemistries have been compared for their efficiency in extracting MIB from water. Extraction conditions including the extraction time and temperature have been optimised.

Orienting a new graduate nurse to home healthcare.

As the amount of hospital positions dwindles for the graduating nurse, more are looking for initial employment in home health care. A rural home healthcare agency in Virginia developed a preceptor program that effectively helps new graduates to make the transition to the home care nursing role by use of a 13-week orientation program using preceptors and clinical time in the hospital.