Including Community Partners in the Development and Adaptation of Intervention Strategies to Prevent Initiation or Escalation of Opioid Misuse.

Current literature lacks clear examples of how to engage with communities in the development of opioid misuse interventions for diverse populations and across various settings. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Helping to End Addiction Long-term Initiative (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative (HPC) research projects work collaboratively with communities to develop and adapt their opioid misuse interventions to increase both feasibility and sustainability. Ten HPC projects were selected to receive NIH funding and are required to have partnerships with communities where their intervention is being conducted.

Pediatric Primary Health Care: The Central Role of Pediatricians in Maintaining Children's Health in Evolving Health Care Models.

Pediatric primary health care (PPHC) is of principal importance to the health and development of all children, helping them reach their true potential. Pediatricians, as the clinicians most intensively trained and experienced in child health, are the natural leaders of PPHC within the context of the medical home. Given the rapidly evolving models of pediatric health care delivery, including the explosion of telehealth in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatricians, together with their representative national organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), are the most capable clinicians to guide policy innovations on both the local and national stage.

A quasi-experimental test of a virtual reality game prototype for adolescent E-Cigarette prevention.

Objective: To test the preliminary impact and participant experience/satisfaction of Invite Only VR: A Vaping Prevention Game (Invite Only VR), an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) prevention game prototype using virtual reality (VR) hardware.

Methods: Forty-seven adolescents (38 boys; mean age = 14.23 years, SD = 0.

Videogame intervention to encourage HIV testing and counseling among adolescents.

Background: Adolescents in the United States account for one-fifth of new HIV cases, and have the highest rate of undiagnosed HIV, with more than half (51%) not knowing their status. It is a crucial public health concern to help equip youth with the information and autonomy to minimize their risk and know their status. Serious videogames are emerging as valuable tools for health and behavior change in adolescents, and have potential to engage this population and increase their use of HIV testing and counseling (HTC).

Musculoskeletal Injuries and United States Army Readiness Part I: Overview of Injuries and their Strategic Impact.

Introduction: Noncombat injuries ("injuries") greatly impact soldier health and United States (U.S.) Army readiness; they are the leading cause of outpatient medical encounters (more than two million annually) among active component (AC) soldiers.

Musculoskeletal Injuries and United States Army Readiness. Part II: Management Challenges and Risk Mitigation Initiatives.

Introduction: Noncombat injuries ("injuries") threaten soldier health and United States (U.S.) Army medical readiness, accounting for more than twice as many outpatient medical encounters among active component (AC) soldiers as behavioral health conditions (the second leading cause of outpatient visits).

A videogame intervention for tobacco product use prevention in adolescents.

Purpose: This pilot study evaluated the short-term effects of an interactive videogame on changing adolescent knowledge, beliefs and risk perceptions, and intentions to use e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and other tobacco products. A secondary aim was to evaluate players' game experience.

Methods: Participants (N = 80 11-14 year olds) were recruited from 7 community-based afterschool programs in New Haven, Connecticut and Los Angeles, California.

Development and Feasibility Testing of a Videogame Intervention to Reduce High-Risk Sexual Behavior in Black and Hispanic Adolescents.

Develop and test feasibility of a mobile videogame intervention to decrease high-risk sexual behavior in black and Hispanic adolescents. Iterative design to develop intervention in partnership with target audience. Feasibility and preliminary impact data collected at baseline, following 2-3 hours of gameplay and at 8-week follow-up.

Anatomical relationship of palmar carpal bone landmarks used in locating the lunate and capitate during palpation: A cadaveric investigation.

Study Design: Descriptive in situ cadaveric study.

Introduction: Performing accurately directed examination and treatment to the wrist requires clinicians to orient to carpal bone structures.

Purpose Of The Study: To examine the anatomical relationships that exist within the wrist-hand complex and identify the accuracy of surface anatomy mapping strategies for localizing anatomical landmarks using a palmar approach.

Accuracy and safety of dry needle placement in the piriformis muscle in cadavers.

Objectives: The purpose of this anatomic investigation is to (1) establish accuracy of dry needle placement into the medial third of the piriformis muscle as it exits the pelvis from the greater sciatic notch in unembalmed cadaveric specimens, while avoiding puncture of the sciatic nerve, and (2) establish guidelines for dry needle length selection.

Methods: Dry needles were placed in nineteen unembalmed cadaveric posterior hips. Dissection of the posterior hip musculature was performed to confirm location of the needle.

Adolescents' perceptions of flavored tobacco products, including E-cigarettes: A qualitative study to inform FDA tobacco education efforts through videogames.

Introduction: Flavored tobacco products have been shown to appeal to youth, however tobacco control strategies have traditionally not focused on these products. To inform the adaptation of an existing videogame to focus on the prevention of flavored tobacco product use, this study explored adolescents' perceptions, beliefs, and social norms surrounding these products, including flavored e-cigarettes.

Methods: We conducted and analyzed transcripts from seven focus groups with 11-17-year-old adolescents (n = 33) from after-school programs in CT and CA in 2016.

Preliminary investigation of a videogame prototype for cigarette and marijuana prevention in adolescents.

Background: Videogames are becoming increasingly popular to deliver health interventions; however, their role in the primary prevention of cigarette and marijuana use has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary test of the efficacy of a role-playing videogame prototype, smokeSCREEN, aimed at developing knowledge and behavioral skills associated with primary prevention of cigarette and marijuana use. The authors also explored participants' gameplay experience.

Video Game Intervention for Sexual Risk Reduction in Minority Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately impacts minority youth. Interventions to decrease HIV sexual risk are needed.

Objective: We hypothesized that an engaging theory-based digital health intervention in the form of an interactive video game would improve sexual health outcomes in adolescents.

If We Build It, Will They Come? A Qualitative Study of Key Stakeholder Opinions on the Implementation of a Videogame Intervention for Risk Reduction in Adolescents.

Objective: Serious games are emerging as important tools that offer an innovative approach to teach adolescents behavioral skills to avoid risky situations. PlayForward: Elm City Stories, an interactive videogame targeting risk reduction, is currently undergoing evaluation. Collecting stakeholder data on its acceptability and real-life implementation strategies is critical for successful dissemination.

The design and implementation of a randomized controlled trial of a risk reduction and human immunodeficiency virus prevention videogame intervention in minority adolescents: PlayForward: Elm City Stories.

Background: To address the need for risk behavior reduction and human immunodeficiency virus prevention interventions that capture adolescents "where they live," we created a tablet-based videogame to teach skills and knowledge and influence psychosocial antecedents for decreasing risk and preventing human immunodeficiency virus infection in minority youth in schools, after-school programs, and summer camps.

Methods: We developed PlayForward: Elm City Stories over a 2-year period, working with researchers, commercial game designers, and staff and teens from community programs. The videogame PlayForward provides an interactive world where players, using an avatar, "travel" through time, facing challenges such as peer pressure to drink alcohol or engage in risky sexual behaviors.

2015 Young Investigator Award Winner: Cervical Nerve Root Displacement and Strain During Upper Limb Neural Tension Testing: Part 2: Role of Foraminal Ligaments in the Cervical Spine.

Study Design: A cross-sectional cadaveric examination of the mechanical effect of foraminal ligaments on cervical nerve root displacement and strain.

Objective: To determine the role of foraminal ligaments by examining differences in cervical nerve root displacement and strain during upper limb neural tension testing (ULNTT) before and after selective cutting of foraminal ligaments.

Summary Of Background Data: Although investigators have determined that lumbar spine foraminal ligaments limit displacement and strain of lumbosacral nerve roots, similar studies have not been conducted to prove that it is true for the cervical region.

2015 Young Investigator Award Winner: Cervical Nerve Root Displacement and Strain During Upper Limb Neural Tension Testing: Part 1: A Minimally Invasive Assessment in Unembalmed Cadavers.

Study Design: A cross-sectional cadaveric examination of displacement and strain measured at the level of the cervical nerve roots during upper limb neural tension testing (ULNTT) with median nerve bias.

Objective: To determine the displacement and strain of cervical nerve roots C5-C8 during ULNTT with minimal disruption of surrounding tissues.

Summary Of Background Data: Clinical examination of neural pathology involving cervical nerve roots is difficult because of the transient nature of pathologies, such as cervical radiculopathy, entrapment neuropathies, and thoracic outlet syndrome.

The relationship between various anatomical landmarks used for localizing the first rib during surface palpation.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between anatomical landmarks used to locate the first rib during surface palpation. One currently cited technique suggests locating the width of the transverse processes (TPs) of the first cervical vertebrae (C1) to determine the estimated width of the first thoracic vertebrae (T1) TP, allowing for subsequent palpation of the first rib laterally to the transverse process of T1. Based on anatomical structural relationships, the authors propose an additional method of locating the first rib, lateral to T1 TP, by palpating through the trapezius muscle at the width of the mastoid process (MP).

Consortium for health and military performance and American College of Sports Medicine Summit: utility of functional movement assessment in identifying musculoskeletal injury risk.

Prevention of musculoskeletal injuries (MSKI) is critical in both civilian and military populations to enhance physical performance, optimize health, and minimize health care expenses. Developing a more unified approach through addressing identified movement impairments could result in improved dynamic balance, trunk stability, and functional movement quality while potentially minimizing the risk of incurring such injuries. Although the evidence supporting the utility of injury prediction and return-to-activity readiness screening tools is encouraging, considerable additional research is needed regarding improving sensitivity, specificity, and outcomes, and especially the implementation challenges and barriers in a military setting.

Identification of latent safety threats using high-fidelity simulation-based training with multidisciplinary neonatology teams.

Background: Latent safety threats (LSTs) are errors in design, organization, training, or maintenance that may contribute to medical errors and have a significant impact on patient safety. The investigation described in this article was conducted as part of a larger prospective, longitudinal evaluation using laboratory- and in situ simulation-based training sessions to improve technical and nontechnical skills of neonatal ICU (NICU) providers at a Level III academic NICU.

Methods: Simulations were performed in laboratory (4 scenarios per session) and in situ (1 scenario per session) settings with multidisciplinary neonatology teams.

Activities associated with injuries in initial entry training.

Previous studies have not reported activities associated with injuries in initial entry training (IET) because these data were seldom available in medical records and not contained in electronic databases. This investigation obtained activities associated with outpatient encounters in IET recorded by primary medical care providers at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. Data were entered into a standard database that included fields for diagnosis and activity associated with the injury.

The role of U.S. military physical therapists during recent combat campaigns.

U.S. military physical therapists have a proud history of providing medical care during operational deployments ranging from war to complex humanitarian emergencies.

Impact of simulation-based extracorporeal membrane oxygenation training in the simulation laboratory and clinical environment.

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a high-risk, complex therapy. Opportunities to develop teamwork skills and expertise to mitigate risks are few. Our objective was to assess whether simulation would improve technical and nontechnical skills in dealing with ECMO circuit emergencies and allow transfer of skills from the simulated setting to clinical environment.

Simulation to assess the safety of new healthcare teams and new facilities.

Introduction: : Our institution recently opened a satellite hospital including a pediatric emergency department. The staffing model at this facility does not include residents or subspecialists, a substantial difference from our main hospital. Our previous work and published reports demonstrate that simulation can identify latent safety threats (LSTs) in both new and established settings.