On uniform edge-n-colorings of tilings.

An edge-n-coloring of a uniform tiling {\cal T} is uniform if for any two vertices of {\cal T} there is a symmetry of {\cal T} that preserves the colors of the edges and maps one vertex onto the other. This paper gives a method based on group theory and color symmetry theory to arrive at uniform edge-n-colorings of uniform tilings. The method is applied to give a complete enumeration of uniform edge-n-colorings of the uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane, for which the results point to a total of 114 colorings, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Enzymatic Degradation Behavior of Self-Degradable Lipase-Embedded Aliphatic and Aromatic Polyesters and Their Blends.

Over the past decade, the preparation of novel materials by enzyme-embedding into biopolyesters has been proposed as a straightforward method to produce self-degrading polymers. This paper reports the preparation and enzymatic degradation of extruded self-degradable films of three different biopolyesters: poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate) (PBAT), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), as well as three binary/ternary blends. lipase B (CalB) has been employed for the enzyme-embedding procedure, and to the best of our knowledge, the use of this approach in biopolyester blends has not been reported before.

Crystallization-Induced Self-Assembly of Poly(ethylene glycol) Side Chains in Dithiol-yne-Based Comb Polymers: Side Chain Spacing and Molecular Weight Effects.

The chain architecture and topology of macromolecules impact their physical properties and final performance, including their crystallization process. In this work, comb polymers constituted by poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, side chains, and a dithiol-yne-based ring polymer backbone have been studied, focusing on the micro- and nanostructures of the system, thermal behavior, and crystallization kinetics. The designed comb system allows us to investigate the role of a ring backbone, the impact of varying the distance between two neighboring side chains, and the effect of the molecular weight of the side chain.

Salt-induced Fmoc-tripeptide supramolecular hydrogels: a combined experimental and computational study of the self-assembly.

Delving into the mechanism behind the molecular interactions at the atomic level of short-sequence peptides plays a key role in the development of nanomaterials with specific structure-property-function relationships from a bottom-up perspective. Due to their poor water solubility, the self-assembly of Fmoc-bearing peptides is usually induced by dissolution in an organic solvent, followed by a dilution step in water, pH changes, and/or a heating-cooling process. Herein, we report a straightforward methodology for the gelation of Fmoc-FFpY (F: phenylalanine; Y: tyrosine; and p: PO), a negatively charged tripeptide, in NaCl solution.

Symmetry groups of two-way twofold and three-way threefold fabrics.

This work discusses the symmetry groups of two classes of woven fabrics, two-way twofold fabrics and three-way threefold fabrics. A method to arrive at a design of a fabric is presented, employing methods in color symmetry theory. Geometric representations of all possible layer group or diperiodic symmetry structures of the fabrics are derived.

[Exclusive breastfeeding and disease evolution in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis].

Unlabelled: Bronchiolitis is the main reason for hospitalization in infancy. Breastfeeding is a protective factor aga inst infections, however, although there is evidence that breastfeeding could prevent hospitalizations due to bronchiolitis, its effect in patients already hospitalized because of this disease is less clear.

Objective: To evaluate if there are differences in the evolution of patients hospitalized due to bronchiolitis fed with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) vs.

Monitoring with circulating tumor cells in the perioperative setting of patients with surgically treated stages I-IIIA NSCLC.

Background: Surgery is regarded as the treatment's cornerstone for early stage and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whenever the tumor is considered resectable. Liquid biopsy is one of the most promising research areas in oncology in the last 10 years, providing a useful non-invasive tool to detect and monitor cancer. The prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been studied in different cancer types and had been related with a higher risk of relapse and worse prognosis.

Kombucha: Perceptions and Future Prospects.

Background: Kombucha is an increasingly consumed product classified as a nutraceutical. Legislative efforts about these products remain confusing and without global harmonization. This natural product has been developed to improve or promote physical and mental health.

A Review on Current Strategies for the Modulation of Thermomechanical, Barrier, and Biodegradation Properties of Poly (Butylene Succinate) (PBS) and Its Random Copolymers.

The impact of plastics on the environment can be mitigated by employing biobased and/or biodegradable materials (i.e., bioplastics) instead of the traditional "commodities".

On the frequency module of the hull of a primitive substitution tiling.

Understanding the properties of tilings is of increasing relevance to the study of aperiodic tilings and tiling spaces. This work considers the statistical properties of the hull of a primitive substitution tiling, where the hull is the family of all substitution tilings with respect to the substitution. A method is presented on how to arrive at the frequency module of the hull of a primitive substitution tiling (the minimal {\bb Z}-module, where {\bb Z} is the set of integers) containing the absolute frequency of each of its patches.

Surveillance Routing of COVID-19 Infection Spread Using an Intelligent Infectious Diseases Algorithm.

In this study, the Intelligent Infectious Diseases Algorithm (IIDA) has been developed to locate the sources of infection and survival rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in order to propose health care routes for population affected by COVID-19. The main goal of this computational algorithm is to reduce the spread of the virus and decrease the number of infected people. To do so, health care routes are generated according to the priority of certain population groups.

How Is Rheology Involved in 3D Printing of Phase-Separated PVC-Acrylate Copolymers Obtained by Free Radical Polymerization.

New auto-plasticised copolymers of poly(vinyl chloride)-r-(acrylate) and polyvinylchloride, obtained by radical polymerization, are investigated to analyse their capacity to be processed by 3D printing. The specific microstructure of the copolymers gives rise to a phase-separated morphology constituted by poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) domains dispersed in a continuous phase of acrylate-vinyl chloride copolymer. The analysis of the rheological results allows the suitability of these copolymers to be assessed for use in a screw-driven 3D printer, but not by the fused filament fabrication method.

Searching for Rheological Conditions for FFF 3D Printing with PVC Based Flexible Compounds.

Rheology is proposed as a tool to explore plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) formulations to be used in the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing process and so manufactures flexible and ductile objects by this technique. The viscoelastic origin of success/failure in FFF of these materials is investigated. The analysis of buckling of the filament is based on the ratio between compression modulus and viscosity, but for a correct approach the viscosity should be obtained under the conditions established in the nozzle.

Local and global color symmetries of a symmetrical pattern.

This study addresses the problem of arriving at transitive perfect colorings of a symmetrical pattern {\cal P} consisting of disjoint congruent symmetric motifs. The pattern {\cal P} has local symmetries that are not necessarily contained in its global symmetry group G. The usual approach in color symmetry theory is to arrive at perfect colorings of {\cal P} ignoring local symmetries and considering only elements of G.

k-Isocoronal tilings.

In this article, a framework is presented that allows the systematic derivation of planar edge-to-edge k-isocoronal tilings from tile-s-transitive tilings, s ≤ k. A tiling {\cal T} is k-isocoronal if its vertex coronae form k orbits or k transitivity classes under the action of its symmetry group. The vertex corona of a vertex x of {\cal T} is used to refer to the tiles that are incident to x.

Primitive substitution tilings with rotational symmetries.

This work introduces the idea of symmetry order, which describes the rotational symmetry types of tilings in the hull of a given substitution. Definitions are given of the substitutions σ and σ which give rise to aperiodic primitive substitution tilings with dense tile orientations and which are invariant under six- and sevenfold rotations, respectively; the derivation of the symmetry orders of their hulls is also presented.

The position and current status of radiation therapy after primary systemic therapy in breast cancer: a national survey-based expert consensus statement.

Background: Primary systemic therapy (PST) is changing the role of radiation therapy (RT) in breast cancer. Without randomized studies, the optimal indications for RT after PST and surgery are not clear. The present study provides consensus-based recommendations to clarify the role of RT.

Symmetry groups associated with tilings on a flat torus.

This work investigates symmetry and color symmetry properties of Kepler, Heesch and Laves tilings embedded on a flat torus and their geometric realizations as tilings on a round torus in Euclidean 3-space. The symmetry group of the tiling on the round torus is determined by analyzing relevant symmetries of the planar tiling that are transformed to axial symmetries of the three-dimensional tiling. The focus on studying tilings on a round torus is motivated by applications in the geometric modeling of nanotori and the determination of their symmetry groups.

Symmetry groups of single-wall nanotubes.

This work investigates the symmetry properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes and their structural analogs, which are nanotubes consisting of different kinds of atoms. The symmetry group of a nanotube is studied by looking at symmetries and color fixing symmetries associated with a coloring of the tiling by hexagons in the Euclidean plane which, when rolled, gives rise to a geometric model of the nanotube. The approach is also applied to nanotubes with non-hexagonal symmetry arising from other isogonal tilings of the plane.

On subgroups of crystallographic Coxeter groups.

A framework is presented based on color symmetry theory that will facilitate the determination of the subgroup structure of a crystallographic Coxeter group. It is shown that the method may be extended to characterize torsion-free subgroups. The approach is to treat these groups as groups of symmetries of tessellations in space by fundamental polyhedra.

Automatic classification of the interferential tear film lipid layer using colour texture analysis.

The tear film lipid layer is heterogeneous among the population. Its classification depends on its thickness and can be done using the interference pattern categories proposed by Guillon. This papers presents an exhaustive study about the characterisation of the interference phenomena as a texture pattern, using different feature extraction methods in different colour spaces.

Determinate primary root growth as an adaptation to aridity in Cactaceae: towards an understanding of the evolution and genetic control of the trait.

Background And Aims: Species of Cactaceae are well adapted to arid habitats. Determinate growth of the primary root, which involves early and complete root apical meristem (RAM) exhaustion and differentiation of cells at the root tip, has been reported for some Cactoideae species as a root adaptation to aridity. In this study, the primary root growth patterns of Cactaceae taxa from diverse habitats are classified as being determinate or indeterminate, and the molecular mechanisms underlying RAM maintenance in Cactaceae are explored.

New software application for clarifying tear film lipid layer patterns.

Purpose: The lipid layer of the tear film limits evaporation during the interblink interval and also affects tear stability. This study was designed to validate a new software application designed to characterize the tear film lipid layer through texture and color pattern recognition.

Methods: Using the Tearscope-plus (slit-lamp magnification ×200), the lipid layer was examined in 105 healthy young adults, and interference photographs were acquired with a Topcon DV-3 digital camera.

Non-traumatic supraorbital neuralgia: a clinical study of 13 cases.

Introduction: Supraorbital neuralgia (SON) is an uncommon disorder characterized by pain in the area supplied by the supraorbital nerve, which covers the medial aspect of the forehead, together with tenderness over the supraorbital notch or along the course of the nerve. Few hospital-based series of non-trauma SON have been published.

Methods And Results: We prospectively analyzed 13 patients (11 females, two males) diagnosed with SON in a headache outpatient clinic over a four-year period.

Long-term changes in pulmonary function after incidental lung irradiation for breast cancer: a prospective study with 7-year follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate late pulmonary function changes after incidental pulmonary irradiation for breast cancer.

Methods And Materials: Forty-three consecutive female patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma and treated with postoperative radiation therapy (RT) at the same dose (50 Gy) and fractionation (2 Gy/fraction, 5 days/week) were enrolled. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) and ventilation/perfusion scans were performed before RT and 6, 12, 24, and 84 months afterward.