Chemical Science Research, Elementary School Children and Their Teachers Are More Closely Related than You May Imagine: The "I Bet You Did Not Know" Project.

Topics associated with the chemical sciences form a significant part of the curriculum in science at the primary school level in the U.K. In this methodology paper, we demonstrate how a wide range of research articles associated with the chemical sciences can be disseminated to an elementary school audience and how children can carry out investigations associated with cutting-edge research in the classroom.

Substance use outcomes among individuals with severe mental illnesses receiving assertive community treatment: A systematic review.

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a multidisciplinary treatment approach to support people with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in their recovery. While the majority of ACT recipients report co-morbid substance use issues, limited reviews have evaluated the impact of receiving ACT services on substance use outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of ACT involvement on substance use outcomes among people with SMI.

Pre-hospital predictors of long-term survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: To identify predictors of longer-term outcomes from adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac aetiology.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, three large routinely collected databases were linked: 1)QAS Out-of-Hospital Cardiac (OHCA) Registry; 2)Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection; and 3)Queensland Registrar General Death Registry. Participants were adult (18years+) residents of Queensland, who suffered an OHCA of presumed cardiac aetiology and had resuscitation attempted by QAS paramedics between 2002 and 2014.

Differential Effects of the G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) on Rat Embryonic (E18) Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons.

Estrogen plays fundamental roles in nervous system development and function. Traditional studies examining the effect of estrogen in the brain have focused on the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. Studies related to the extranuclear, membrane-bound G-protein-coupled ER (GPER/GPR30) have revealed a neuroprotective role for GPER in mature neurons.

Novel GPER Agonist, CITFA, Increases Neurite Growth in Rat Embryonic (E18) Hippocampal Neurons.

Numerous studies have reported neuroprotective and procognitive effects of estrogens. The estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) activates both the classical nuclear estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ as well as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). The differential effects of targeting the classical estrogen receptors over GPER are not well-understood.

Afatinib alone and in combination with vinorelbine or paclitaxel, in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who failed or progressed on prior trastuzumab and/or lapatinib (LUX-Breast 2): an open-label, multicenter, phase II trial.

Purpose: Resistance to HER2 (ErbB2)-targeted therapy may be mediated by other members of the ErbB family. We investigated the efficacy and safety of the irreversible ErbB family blocker, afatinib, alone as first-line therapy in the advanced setting and in combination with vinorelbine or paclitaxel for those who progressed on afatinib monotherapy, in female patients with metastatic breast cancer who had failed or progressed on prior HER2-targeted therapy in the early disease setting.

Methods: In this phase II, single-arm, two-part study (ClinicalTrials.

Endometrial scratch to increase live birth rates in women undergoing first-time in vitro fertilisation: RCT and systematic review.

Background: In vitro fertilisation is a widely used reproductive technique that can be undertaken with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The endometrial scratch procedure is an in vitro fertilisation 'add-on' that is sometimes provided prior to the first in vitro fertilisation cycle, but there is a lack of evidence to support its use.

Objectives: (1) To assess the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of endometrial scratch compared with treatment as usual in women undergoing their first in vitro fertilisation cycle (the 'Endometrial Scratch Trial') and (2) to undertake a systematic review to combine the results of the Endometrial Scratch Trial with those of previous trials in which endometrial scratch was provided prior to the first in vitro fertilisation cycle.

Afatinib and radiotherapy, with or without temozolomide, in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: results of a phase I trial.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Amplification or overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene, part of the ErbB family, occur in approximately 40% and 60% of patients with GBM, respectively. We present data from a dose-finding study of the ErbB inhibitor afatinib in combination with radiotherapy (RT), with or without temozolomide (TMZ), in patients with GBM.

Observational cohort study in older women with early breast cancer: Use of radiation therapy and impact on health-related quality of life and mortality.

Background: Radiotherapy reduces in-breast recurrence risk in early breast cancer (EBC) in older women. This benefit may be small and should be balanced against treatment effect and holistic patient assessment. This study described treatment patterns according to fitness and impact on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).

A randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of the endometrial scratch procedure prior to first-time IVF, with or without ICSI.

Study Question: What is the clinical-effectiveness and safety of the endometrial scratch (ES) procedure compared to no ES, prior to usual first time in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment?

Summary Answer: ES was safe but did not improve pregnancy outcomes when performed in the mid-luteal phase prior to the first IVF cycle, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

What Is Known Already: ES is an 'add-on' treatment that is available to women undergoing a first cycle of IVF, with or without ICSI, despite a lack of evidence to support its use.

Study Design, Size, Duration: This pragmatic, superiority, open-label, multi-centre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial involving 1048 women assessed the clinical effectiveness and safety of the ES procedure prior to first time IVF, with or without ICSI, between July 2016 and October 2019.

Bridging The Age Gap: observational cohort study of effects of chemotherapy and trastuzumab on recurrence, survival and quality of life in older women with early breast cancer.

Background: Chemotherapy improves outcomes for high risk early breast cancer (EBC) patients but is infrequently offered to older individuals. This study determined if there are fit older patients with high-risk disease who may benefit from chemotherapy.

Methods: A multicentre, prospective, observational study was performed to determine chemotherapy (±trastuzumab) usage and survival and quality-of-life outcomes in EBC patients aged ≥70 years.

Bridging the age gap in breast cancer: cluster randomized trial of two decision support interventions for older women with operable breast cancer on quality of life, survival, decision quality, and treatment choices.

Background: Rates of surgery and adjuvant therapy for breast cancer vary widely between breast units. This may contribute to differences in survival. This cluster RCT evaluated the impact of decision support interventions (DESIs) for older women with breast cancer, to ascertain whether DESIs influenced quality of life, survival, decision quality, and treatment choice.

Bridging the age gap in breast cancer: impact of omission of breast cancer surgery in older women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer on quality-of-life outcomes.

Background: Primary endocrine therapy may be an alternative treatment for less fit women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. This study compared quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes in older women treated with surgery or primary endocrine therapy.

Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study of surgery or primary endocrine therapy in women aged over 70 years with operable breast cancer.

Bridging the Age Gap in breast cancer: Impact of chemotherapy on quality of life in older women with early breast cancer.

Introduction: Older patients with early breast cancer (EBC) derive modest survival benefit from chemotherapy but have increased toxicity risk. Data on the impact of chemotherapy for EBC on quality of life in older patients are limited, but this is a key determinant of treatment acceptance. We aimed to investigate its effect on quality of life in older patients enrolled in the Bridging the Age Gap study.

Treatment choices for older women with primary operable breast cancer and cognitive impairment: Results from a prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Objectives: The presence of dementia co-existing with a diagnosis of breast cancer may render management more challenging and have a substantial impact on oncological outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the treatment and outcomes of older women with co-existing cognitive impairment and primary breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, multicentre UK cohort study of women aged 70 years or over with primary operable breast cancer.

Bridging the age gap in breast cancer. Impacts of omission of breast cancer surgery in older women with oestrogen receptor positive early breast cancer. A risk stratified analysis of survival outcomes and quality of life.

Background: Age-related breast cancer treatment variance is widespread with many older women having primary endocrine therapy (PET), which may contribute to inferior survival and local control. This propensity-matched study determined if a subgroup of older women may safely be offered PET.

Methods: Multicentre, prospective, UK, observational cohort study with propensity-matched analysis to determine optimal allocation of surgery plus ET (S+ET) or PET in women aged ≥70 with breast cancer.

Long-term outcomes of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Queensland, Australia (2002-2014): incidence and temporal trends.

Objective: To describe annual incidence and temporal trends (2002-2014) in incidence of long-term outcomes of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of presumed cardiac aetiology attended by Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) paramedics, by age, gender, geographical remoteness and socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Cases were identified using the QAS OHCA Registry and were linked with entries in the Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection and the Queensland Registrar General Death Registry.

Human iPSC-Derived Neuronal Cells From -Mutated Patients Reveal Altered Expression of Neurodevelopmental Gene Networks.

A recurrent mutation in the transcriptional corepressor is associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities in children (Beck et al., 2016, 2019; Sommerville et al., 2017).

Age specific recruitment and retention to a large multicentre observational breast cancer trial in older women: The Age Gap Trial.

Introduction: Recruitment and retention are two of the most important factors in successfully running clinical trials. Many trials encounter problems with both, causing delays or preventing study progress. These issues are greater in older adults and patients with cancer.

Pre-hospital outcomes of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac aetiology in Queensland, Australia (2002-2014): Trends over time.

Objective: To describe temporal trends in incidence of pre-hospital outcomes from adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of presumed cardiac aetiology attended by Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) paramedics between 2002 and 2014, by age, gender, geographical remoteness and socio-economic status.

Methods: Cases included in this retrospective cohort study were identified from the QAS OHCA Registry. Included cases were linked with Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection and Queensland Death Registry.

Epidemiology of pre-hospital outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Queensland, Australia.

Objective: To describe incidence in pre-hospital outcomes of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of presumed cardiac aetiology, attended by Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) paramedics between 2002 and 2014, by age, gender, geographical remoteness and socio-economic status.

Methods: The QAS OHCA Registry was used to identify cases, which was then linked with Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection and Queensland Death Registry. Population data were obtained for each calendar year by age and gender from the Australian Bureau of Statistics in order to calculate incidence rates.