KRAS Mutation: Characterization and Its Impact on Survival Outcome of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types, with rising incidence due to imbalanced lifestyle and dietary habit. Association between CRC cases and mutation has been established recently. Brunei Darussalam, located within the Borneo island, is of diverse ethnicity which could represent the genome of Southeast Asia population.

Refractory Statin-Induced Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myositis: Challenges and Perils in Its Management.

Statin or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor is widely used and plays a vital role in the management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Statin is generally safe and its side effects are mostly mild and self-limiting. Immune-mediated necrotizing myositis (IMNM) is a rare and serious side effect characterized by the presence of anti-HMGCR inhibitor and myositis.

Breast paraffinoma: An obsolete but still important condition - Experience with 60 cases and the literature review.

Background: Paraffin injections for breast augmentation has been abandoned by clinicians because of its serious long-term complications. The practice is still prevalent and long-term complications are still being encountered in clinical practice today.

Methods: Retrospective review was performed on patients with breast paraffinoma managed in Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Brunei Darussalam, between January 1, 2010 and August 31, 2020.

Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Breast Paraffinoma.

Introduction: Paraffin injections for breast augmentation once a popular form of mammoplasty are now considered obsolete. It had been abandoned by clinicians because of its associated serious complications. The practice is however still available and is being practiced by nonmedically qualified people.

Isolated Renal Involvement by IG4-Related Disorder Mimicking Multiple Myeloma, a Diagnosis Not to Miss.

IG4-related disorder (IgG4-RD) with isolated kidney involvement is rare. IG4-RD is a fibroinflammatory disorder leading to polyclonal activation of plasma cell and can affect kidney, orbital tissues, salivary glands, pancreas, bile duct, lymph nodes, and can cause inflammatory mass in any organ. Isolated kidney involvement is rare in this order.

Overexpression of EGFR protein in Bruneian lung cancer patients.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Brunei Darussalam, accounting for almost 20% of the total. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the erbB family of tyrosine kinase receptor proteins, which includes c-erbb2(HER2/neu), erb-B3, and erb-B4. EGFR overexpression is found in a third of all epithelial cancers, often associated with a poor prognosis.

Angiodysplasia of the gallbladder.

Introduction: Angiodysplasia is a term used to describe distinct mucosal vascular ectasias found mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. Angiodysplasia of the gallbladder is exceedingly rare.

Presentation Of Case: We encountered a patient who presented with biliary colic and subsequently underwent an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Primary biliary cirrhosis in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an uncommon autoimmune cholestatic disease that predominantly affects women. Certain human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) have been reported to be associated with susceptibility for PBC. We describe the profiles of PBC in Brunei Darussalam.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with intestinal tuberculosis.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an increasingly common but under-recognized neurological disorder. It is immune mediated, and usually has a relapsing and remitting course. However, the initial presentation may be rapid.