Clostridium perfringens chitinases, key enzymes during early stages of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

The interaction between bacteria and the intestinal mucus is crucial during the early pathogenesis of many enteric diseases in mammals. A critical step in this process employed by both commensal and pathogenic bacteria focuses on the breakdown of the protective layer presented by the intestinal mucus by mucolytic enzymes. C.

Bacillus subtilis, a Swiss Army Knife in Science and Biotechnology.

Next to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis is the most studied and best understood organism that also serves as a model for many important pathogens. Due to its ability to form heat-resistant spores that can germinate even after very long periods of time, B. subtilis has attracted much scientific interest.

Synbiotic Compositions of and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Salt Enable Self-Sufficient Production of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators.

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) have emerged as crucial lipid mediators that confer the inflammation-resolving effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFA). Importantly, SPM biosynthesis is dysfunctional in various conditions, which may explain the inconclusive efficacy data from -3 PUFA interventions. To overcome the limitations of conventional -3 PUFA supplementation strategies, we devised a composition enabling the self-sufficient production of SPM in vivo.

NanI sialidase contributes to toxin expression and host cell binding of Clostridium perfringens type G strain CP56 in vitro.

Necrotic enteritis, caused by NetB producing Clostridium perfringens type G strains, is a globally important poultry disease. An initial step in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis is the colonization and degradation of the intestinal mucus layer, a process in which C. perfringens sialidases - such as NanI sialidase - may play an important role.

Does Bacillus velezensis Strain RP137 from the Persian Gulf Really Produce an Aminoglycoside?

It has recently been published that an aminoglycoside, S‑137‑R, is produced by a newly isolated Bacillus velezensis strain RP137 from the Persian Gulf (Pournejati et al. in Curr Microbiol 76:1028-1037, 2019). However, the analytical data presented by the authors do not allow for a structure elucidation.

Protein Truncating Variants of in Type G Strains.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzymes produced by may play an important role during the initial phases of avian necrotic enteritis by facilitating toxin entry in the intestinal mucosa and destruction of the tissue.  is known to produce several ECM-degrading proteases, such as kappa toxin, an extracellular collagenase that is encoded by the gene. In this study, the  gene sequence of a collection of 48 strains, including pathogenic (i.

Selection of Gut-Resistant Bacteria and Construction of Microbial Consortia for Improving Gluten Digestion under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions.

Unlabelled: This work aimed to define the microbial consortia that are able to digest gluten into non-toxic and non-immunogenic peptides in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Methods: 131 out of 504 tested and lactic acid bacteria, specifically (64), lactobacilli (63), (1), and (3), showed strong gastrointestinal resistance and were selected for their PepN, PepI, PepX, PepO, and PepP activities toward synthetic substrates. Based on multivariate analysis, 24 strains were clearly distinct from the other tested strains based on having the highest enzymatic activities.

Interspecific Hybrids Between × and Species From Section Reveal Biparental Plastid Inheritance and Multi-Locus Cyto-Nuclear Incompatibility.

The genetics underlying Cyto-Nuclear Incompatibility (CNI) was studied in interspecific hybrids. We created hybrids of 12 closely related crop wild relatives (CWR) with the ornamental × . Ten of the resulting 12 (F) interspecific hybrids segregate for chlorosis suggesting biparental plastid inheritance.

Evaluation of commercially available DNA extraction kits for the analysis of the broiler chicken cecal microbiota.

16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is a state of the art technology to analyze bacterial communities via microbiome profiling. Choosing an appropriate DNA extraction protocol is crucial for characterizing the microbial community and can be challenging, especially when preliminary knowledge about the sample matrix is scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate seven commercial DNA extraction kits suitable for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the bacterial community of the chicken cecum, taking into account different criteria such as high technical reproducibility, high bacterial diversity and easy handling.

Elevated faecal ovotransferrin concentrations are indicative for intestinal barrier failure in broiler chickens.

Intestinal health is critically important for the welfare and performance of poultry. Enteric diseases that cause gut barrier failure result in high economic losses. Up till now there is no reliable faecal marker to measure gut barrier failure under field conditions.

First complete genome sequence of Bacillus glycinifermentans B-27.

The first complete genome sequence of Bacillus glycinifermentans B-27 was determined by SMRT sequencing generating a genome sequence with a total length of 4,607,442 bases. Based on this sequence 4738 protein-coding sequences were predicted and used to identify gene clusters that are related to the production of secondary metabolites such as Lichenysin, Bacillibactin and Bacitracin. This genomic potential combined with the ability of B.

Tris(pentafluoroethyl)germane: Deprotonation and Hydrogermylation Reactions.

Owing to the highly electron-withdrawing C F groups, the tris(pentafluoroethyl)germane (C F ) GeH represents an interesting Brønsted acidic compound. The germane is accessible by the treatment of the corresponding halogenogermanes (C F ) GeX (X=Cl, Br) with Bu SnH. After clarifying its molecular structure in the solid state by X-ray diffraction, the acidity of (C F ) GeH was examined by treatment with different bases, for example, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene.

Hypervalent Pentafluoroethylgermanium Compounds, [(C F ) GeX ] and [(C F ) GeF ] (X=F, Cl; n=2-5).

This paper gives an account on hypervalent fluoro- and chloro(pentafluoroethyl)germanium compounds. The selective synthesis of the tris(pentafluoroethyl)dichlorogermanate salt [PNP][(C F ) GeCl ] as well as its X-ray structural analysis is described. As a representative example for pentafluoroethylfluorogermanates, the synthesis and structure of 2,4,6-triphenylpyryliumtris(pentafluoroethyl)difluorogermanate [C H O][(C F ) GeF ] is reported.

The Bis(pentafluoroethyl)germylene Trimethylphosphane Adduct (C2 F5 )2 Ge⋅PMe3 : Characterization, Ligand Properties, and Reactivity.

The synthesis of the germylene phosphane adduct (C2 F5 )2 Ge⋅PMe3 is described. Starting from (C2 F5 )3 GeH in an excess of PMe3 , heating was applied, whereupon reductive elimination of C2 F5 H occurred. The molecular structure was ascertained by X-ray diffraction and compared with information obtained by quantum chemical methods.

Synthesis of Bis(pentafluoroethyl)germanes.

The chemistry of bis(pentafluoroethyl)germanes (C2F5)2 GeX2 is presented. The synthesis of such species requires Br2 GePh2 , wherein the phenyl substituents function as suitable protecting groups. After treatment with two equivalents of LiC2 F5, (C2F5)2 GePh2 is produced.

Synthesis of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)germanes.

The synthesis of tris(pentafluoroethyl)germanium derivatives is described. The reaction of germanium tetrachloride with three equivalents of the pentafluoroethylation reagent LiC F does not lead selectively to the formation of tris(pentafluoroethyl)chlorogermane, (C F ) GeCl. Here the introduction of a diethylamino function as a protecting group was beneficial.

Production of the Bengamide Class of Marine Natural Products in Myxobacteria: Biosynthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships.

The bengamides, sponge-derived natural products that have been characterized as inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs), have been intensively investigated as anticancer compounds. We embarked on a multidisciplinary project to supply bengamides by fermentation of the terrestrial myxobacterium M. virescens, decipher their biosynthesis, and optimize their properties as drug leads.

Objective and perceptual assessment of the scattered sound field in a simulated concert hall.

Acoustic scattering audibility thresholds are needed for the efficient design of performance spaces and to increase the accuracy of geometric room acoustic models. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the perceptual thresholds of the scattering coefficient through listening tests in simulated concert halls. It also deals with an investigation on the sensitivity of room acoustic parameters to scattering coefficients.

Likely Introduction Date of Schmallenberg Virus into France According to Monthly Serological Surveys in Cattle.

To estimate the date of introduction of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) into France, the prevalence of antibodies against the virus was determined monthly in cattle from two northern departments from August 2011 to April 2012. Seropositive cattle were detected from October 2011 in both departments with a prevalence of 55.6% in the westernmost department (Meurthe-et-Moselle) and of 12.

Genome sequence of the bacterium Streptomyces davawensis JCM 4913 and heterologous production of the unique antibiotic roseoflavin.

Streptomyces davawensis JCM 4913 synthesizes the antibiotic roseoflavin, a structural riboflavin (vitamin B(2)) analog. Here, we report the 9,466,619-bp linear chromosome of S. davawensis JCM 4913 and a 89,331-bp linear plasmid.

A novel N,N-8-amino-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin Dimethyltransferase (RosA) catalyzing the two terminal steps of roseoflavin biosynthesis in Streptomyces davawensis.

Streptomyces davawensis synthesizes the antibiotic roseoflavin (RoF) (8-dimethylamino-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin). It was postulated that RoF is synthesized from riboflavin via 8-amino- (AF) and 8-methylamino-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin (MAF). In a cell-free extract of S.

Isolation of the lysolipin gene cluster of Streptomyces tendae Tü 4042.

Streptomyces tendae Tü 4042 produces the aromatic polyketide antibiotic lysolipin. Lysolipin has strong antibacterial activity against a variety of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The complete lysolipin biosynthetic gene cluster was isolated and fully sequenced.

Rescue of functional F508del cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by vasoactive intestinal peptide in the human nasal epithelial cell line JME/CF15.

F508del is the most common cystic fibrosis-causing mutation that induces early degradation and poor trafficking of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Our previous work in bronchial serous cells showed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulation of the VPAC(1) receptor enhances CFTR-dependent chloride secretion by increasing its membrane insertion by a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway. In the present study, we investigated the effect of VIP on F508del-CFTR activity and membrane insertion in the human nasal epithelial cell line JME/CF15, which also expresses the VPAC(1) receptor.

Daptomycin versus Friulimicin B: in-depth profiling of Bacillus subtilis cell envelope stress responses.

The related lipo(depsi)peptide antibiotics daptomycin and friulimicin B show great potential in the treatment of multiply resistant gram-positive pathogens. Applying genome-wide in-depth expression profiling, we compared the respective stress responses of Bacillus subtilis. Both antibiotics target envelope integrity, based on the strong induction of extracytoplasmic function sigma factor-dependent gene expression.