Food Consumption and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Increased Genetic Susceptibility for Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Prospective longitudinal evidence considering the entire childhood food consumption in relation to the development of islet autoimmunity (IA or) type 1 diabetes is lacking.

Objectives: We studied the associations of consumption of various foods and their combinations with IA and type 1 diabetes risk.

Methods: Children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes born in 1996-2004 were followed from birth up to ≤6 y of age in the prospective birth cohort type 1 diabetes prediction and prevention study (n = 5674).

Do men adapt to lower urinary tract symptoms? An 11-year longitudinal study of male urinary urgency and associated bother.

Objective: The study objective is to evaluate prognosis and predictors of bother caused by urinary urgency among middle-aged and older men.

Material And Methods: A population-based sample of men born in 1974, 1964, 1954, 1944, 1934 and 1924 was followed-up from 2004 to 2015. The course of urgency and associated bother was evaluated with the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score at baseline and follow-up.

Fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children-the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention birth cohort study.

Background: Prospective studies investigating the association among fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are few.

Objectives: In this cohort study, we explored whether the consumption of fruits, berries, and vegetables is associated with the IA and T1D development in genetically susceptible children.

Methods: Food consumption data in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) cohort study were available from 5674 children born between September 1996 and September 2004 in the Oulu and Tampere University Hospitals.

Trends in cost of treatment of lung cancer patients in 2014-2019 in Finland - a descriptive register study.

Aim: The aim of this descriptive study is to analyze the cost for the treatment of NSCLC and SCLC patients (2014-2019) in Finland. The primary objective is to understand recent (2014-2019) cost developments.

Methods: The study is retrospective and based on hospital register data.

What is the role of puberty in the development of islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes?

In many populations, the peak period of incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been observed to be around 10-14 years of age, coinciding with puberty, but direct evidence of the role of puberty in the development of T1D is limited. We therefore aimed to investigate whether puberty and the timing of its onset are associated with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and subsequent progression to T1D. A Finnish population-based cohort of children with HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to T1D was followed from 7 years of age until 15 years of age or until a diagnosis of T1D (n = 6920).

Longitudinal consumption of fruits and vegetables and risk of asthma by 5 years of age.

Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption has been linked to a decreased risk of asthma, but prospective evidence on longitudinal consumption in childhood is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption in childhood and the risk of asthma by the age of 5 years, and to explore the role of processing of fruits and vegetables in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Allergy Study.

Methods: Child's food consumption was assessed by 3-day food records completed at the age of 3 and 6 months, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, and asthma and allergies by a validated modified version of the ISAAC questionnaire at the age of 5 years.

Dietary fatty acid intake in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the DIPP birth cohort study.

Purpose: The aim was to study the associations between dietary intake of fatty acids in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: The prospective Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study included children with genetic susceptibility to T1D born between 1996 and 2004. Participants were followed up every 3 to 12 months up to 6 years for diet, islet autoantibodies, and T1D.

Incompressible ankle arteries predict increased morbidity and mortality in patients with an elevated ankle brachial index.

Objectives: Patients with an elevated ankle brachial index (ABI) > 1.3 have a high burden of disease and poorer outcome compared to patients with a lower ABI. Previously differences between patients with ABI > 1.

The Cardiovascular-Mortality-Based Estimate for Normal Range of the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI).

Background: The ankle−brachial index (ABI) is a first-line examination in cardiovascular risk evaluation. Since cut-off values for normal ABI vary, the aim of the present study was to identify the cardiovascular-mortality-based estimate for the normal range of the ABI. After determining the reference range for the ABI, the corresponding toe−brachial index (TBI) and toe pressure for normal ABI were analyzed.

Trends in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in Finland 2014-2019.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality in the Western world. However, emerging treatment options and more patients directed to active treatments might improve the outcomes. Here, we retrospectively studied the patient characteristics and treatment practices for NSCLC in Finland 2014-2019 with a special focus on changes in trends over time.

Predicting Depression From Smartphone Behavioral Markers Using Machine Learning Methods, Hyperparameter Optimization, and Feature Importance Analysis: Exploratory Study.

Background: Depression is a prevalent mental health challenge. Current depression assessment methods using self-reported and clinician-administered questionnaires have limitations. Instrumenting smartphones to passively and continuously collect moment-by-moment data sets to quantify human behaviors has the potential to augment current depression assessment methods for early diagnosis, scalable, and longitudinal monitoring of depression.

EDISON: An Edge-Native Method and Architecture for Distributed Interpolation.

Spatio-temporal interpolation provides estimates of observations in unobserved locations and time slots. In smart cities, interpolation helps to provide a fine-grained contextual and situational understanding of the urban environment, in terms of both short-term (e.g.

Understanding Smartwatch Battery Utilization in the Wild.

Smartwatch battery limitations are one of the biggest hurdles to their acceptability in the consumer market. To our knowledge, despite promising studies analyzing smartwatch battery data, there has been little research that has analyzed the battery usage of a diverse set of smartwatches in a real-world setting. To address this challenge, this paper utilizes a smartwatch dataset collected from 832 real-world users, including different smartwatch brands and geographic locations.

Internet of Things for Smart Spaces: A University Campus Case Study.

Advances in technology and data analysis provide rich opportunities for developing intelligent environments assisting their inhabitants, so-called smart environments or smart spaces. Enhanced with technology, sensors, user interfaces, and various applications, such smart spaces are capable of recognizing users and situations they are in, react accordingly, e.g.

Mobile road weather sensor calibration by sensor fusion and linear mixed models.

Mobile, vehicle-installed road weather sensors are becoming ubiquitous. While mobile sensors are often capable of making observations on a high frequency, their reliability and accuracy may vary. Large-scale road weather observation and forecasting are still mostly based on stationary road weather stations (RWS).

Cultural adaptation and harmonization of four Nordic translations of the revised Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP-R).

Background: Preterm infants are especially vulnerable to pain. The intensive treatment often necessary for their survival unfortunately includes many painful interventions and procedures. Untreated pain can lead to both short- and long-term negative effects.

Outcome of a Community-Based Oral Health Promotion Project on Primary Schoolchildren's Oral Hygiene Habits.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a school-based intervention project conducted in a mid-sized Finnish city, Laukaa on schoolchildren's oral health behavior. Material and Methods. In the intervention, all children received dental education and some of the 7-12-year-old schoolchildren received individual tooth brushing instructions by a dental nurse in 2009-2010.

Unusual case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in maxilla.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare lesion found mostly in children and young adults and originates from the lung, abdominopelvic region, and retroperitoneum. Clinical manifestations of IMT or imaging are nonspecific and diagnosis is based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Minority of all IMTs will metastasize.

Persistent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea by intrasphenoidal encephalocele.

The case of a 60-year-old man with a 6-month history of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is presented. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an intrasphenoidal mass extending through a bony defect of the roof of the left sphenoid sinus. Transnasal surgical repair was performed; intraoperatively the mass was identified as an intrasphenoidal encephalocele.

Atypical location of a solitary intracranial chondroma without meningeal attachment.

The case of a 19-year-old female patient with a history of severe headache for several months is presented. Computed tomography (CT) as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intracranial, space-occupying mass with no meningeal attachment, located in the left frontal lobe. The entire tumour was removed, the pathological examination revealed a chondroma.

Dioxin alters gene expression in mouse embryonic tooth explants.

Dioxins are ubiquitous environmental poisons that cause disturbances in developing organs, including the teeth. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at the cap stage leads to reduced tooth size and deformation of cuspal morphology. Our hypothesis was that TCDD affects the expression of genes specific for tooth development, which leads to these aberrations.

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin specifically reduces mRNA for the mineralization-related dentin sialophosphoprotein in cultured mouse embryonic molar teeth.

Previous studies show that the most toxic dioxin congener, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), interferes with mineralization of the dental matrices in developing mouse and rat teeth. Culture of mouse embryonic molar teeth with TCDD leads to the failure of enamel to be deposited and dentin to undergo mineralization. Lactationally exposed rats show defectively matured enamel and retardation of dentin mineralization.

7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene interferes with the development of cultured mouse mandibular molars.

Clinical studies suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy can reduce the crown size of the child's teeth. Delayed dental age compared with chronological age has also been reported in children whose parents smoke. Among the main components of tobacco smoke are nonhalogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which are highly toxic.

Secondary insults in severe head injury--do multiply injured patients do worse?

Objectives: To study the occurrence of secondary insults and the influence of extracranial injuries on cerebral oxygenation and outcome in patients with closed severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score < or =8).

Design: Two-year prospective, clinical study.

Setting: Two intensive care units in a level III trauma center.

Stimulatory effect of glutamine on human monocyte activation as measured by interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor release.

The activation state of murine peritoneal macrophages is shown to depend on extracellular glutamine concentration. However, there are no studies on the effect of glutamine concentration on the activation state of human monocytes. We studied the effect of extracellular glutamine concentration on interleukin (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) production by activated monocytes.