Effect of an inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine on the intradermal testing of goats for tuberculosis.

The effect of an inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine on the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in goats was investigated in a herd with a history of clinical paratuberculosis but which was free of TB. Cohorts of animals in 2006, 2008 and 2009, were vaccinated once at 1 month of age, and 50% of the 2006 cohort served as unvaccinated controls. The goats were aged 8 months, 20 months and 3.

Extended surveillance for CBPP in a free country: Challenges and solutions regarding the potential caprine reservoir.

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe respiratory disease of cattle and buffalo caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides "Small Colony" (MmmSC). The agent of CBPP has been isolated from goats in different countries including CBPP-free areas.

A PCR for the detection of mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster: application to the diagnosis of contagious agalactia.

Contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmal infection caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC, M. mycoides subsp.

Solvent-free condensation of phenylacetonitrile and nonanenitrile with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde: optimization and mechanistic studies.

The condensation of phenylacetonitrile with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde can be carried out by two solvent-free methods: i) using neat powdered KOH at room temperature with equivalent amounts of aldehyde, nitrile and base for 3 min, and ii) using K2CO3 in the presence of a phase transfer agent for 3 min under microwave activation or conventional heating. By extending the reaction time up to 10 min, four different products were obtained from phenyl or nitrile group migration. With nonanenitrile, only the second method could be applied to give two kinds of condensed compounds with or without phenyl (or nitrile) group migration.

Improved analogs and novel delivery systems for somatostatin octapeptides.

Appropriate N-terminus modification can result in somatostatin (SRIF) octapeptide analogs that are both more potent and more selective in vitro for the human SRIF receptor type 2 (hsst2). In addition, these modifications can improve the duration of action and bioavailability of SRIF analogs following parenteral administration, as shown by both pharmacological and distribution studies in vivo with BIM-23190 and BIM-23197 in the rat.

Renal tubular absorption of beta 2 microglobulin.

125Iodinated human beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m, 5 to 30 mg) was administered to anesthetized rats. Clearance studies showed a low threshold of excretion of injected beta 2m and a high Tm of 400 to 600 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1. A glomerular sieving coefficient of 0.

Turnover studies of human beta 2-microglobulin in the rat: evidence for a beta 2-microglobulin-binding plasma protein.

1. 125I-labelled beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) was injected into rats and protein or non protein-bound radioactivity was determined in plasma urine and several organs. 2.

Piretanide and urinary excretion of ions in rat. Effect of indomethacin.

1. Piretanide is a new loop diuretic resembling furosemide. The effects of this diuretic on various parameters of renal function and on the excretion of the major ions were studied on anaesthetized, hydrated rats.

Acute effect of high dose (48 mg) of piretanide in advanced renal insufficiency.

1 The acute effects of a high dose of piretanide, a new potent diuretic were studied in eight patients with severely impaired renal function (GFR between 0.09 and 0.17 ml s-1 1.

Fate of glutamate carbon and nitrogen in isolated guinea-pig kidney-cortex tubules. Evidence for involvement of glutamate dehydrogenase in glutamine sythesis from glutamate.

1. The pathways and the fate of glutamate carbon and nitrogen were investigated in isolated guinea-pig kidney-cortex tubules. 2.

Activity of a new high efficiency diuretic in man: piretanide (HOE 118).

1 The pharmacological actions of piretanide, a new high efficiency diuretic, were studied in sixteen patients with GFR (inulin clearance) varying from 0.1--2.5 ml/s.

Effect of acidosis, alkalosis and monofluoroacetate administration on citrate and ATP content of rat renal medulla and papilla.

1. --Renal distribution of citrate showed that there is an increase in citrate content from cortex to medulla and a decrease from medulla to papilla. Alkalosis produced an increase in citrate content and acidosis a decrease in renal citrate content, in each of the studied renal area.

Glutamine metabolism in isolated dog kidney tubules: inhibition by dialysed albumin preparation.

The metabolic fate of L-glutamine (1 and 5 mM) was studied in isolated dog kidney tubules. At 1 and 5 mM substrate concentration, and after 60 min of incubation, glucose represented 40% and 25% of the glutamine removed; the glutamine unaccounted for (which was probably completely oxidized) represented about one-half and one-third of glutamine removal at 1 and 5 mM glutamine concentrations, respectively. Due to contaminating fatty acids, addition of dialysed bovine serum albumin (fraction V) greatly altered the metabolic fate of glutamine.

A new device for differentiated tissue sampling in rat kidney.

Since freeze-clamping does not allow to sample the diffrent renal areas a new method of kidney tissue sampling in anesthetized rats is described. It consists in sectioning a slice in the middle of the rat kidney and immediately freezing. This device allows quick and accurate separation of the different renal areas, and especially of the papilla which is almost entirely sampled.

Effect of monofluoroacetate on renal H+ excretion in the rat.

In order to investigate the effect of monofluoroacetate (MFA) on renal H+ excretion, anesthetized rats under mannitol diuresis were given intraperitoneally MFA and some of the acido-basic status parameters were determined. Urinary pH and pCO2 did not change after MFA administration, while urinary flow rate increased. MFA induced a decrease in H+ net excretion and in ammonia excretion.

In vitro citrate synthesis by the dog kidney. Investigations with cortex, red and white medulla slices.

In vitro utilization or production of citrate by the cortex, outer medulla or inner medulla of dog kidney was measured. Our data show: 1. An in vitro citrate synthesis or utilization capacity of the cortex greater than that of the red medulla.

Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in isolated renal tubules of normal dogs.

The kinetics of lactate and pyruvate (1 and 5 mM in each case) metabolism was studied in isolated dog renal tubules. Utilization of these two substrates and the production of glucose, pyruvate, or lactate, and alanine were determined. The rates of lactate and pyruvate utilization and of glucose production were constant during 60 min of incubation.

Acute renal effects of new beta-adrenergic receptor site blocking agents on renal function.

The effects of two new beta blockers on renal function have been studied. There were significant decreases in urine flow, urea clearance, sodium and chloride excretion rates after acute administration. Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa) fell significantly but did not continue to fall during chronic administration.

[Changes in renal function in the hours following an intravenous injection of acebutolol].

A study was carried out, of the changes of renal functional value and of urinary electrolytes excretion after rapid intravenous injection of acebutolol in twelve subjects with various glomerular filtration. Renal functional value was estimated by measuring inuline. P.