Advancing Glaucoma Treatment During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Contemporary Management Strategies and Prospective Therapeutic Developments.

The management of glaucoma in pregnancy and breastfeeding requires a careful evaluation of treatment choices to guarantee the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. This review explores the intricacies of controlling glaucoma in pregnant and breastfeeding women, including a comprehensive overview of existing glaucoma treatment methods, clinical guidelines, and future therapeutic approaches. The efficacy and safety profiles of traditional treatment approaches, such as topical and systemic medicines and surgical treatments, are evaluated specifically about their use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Endogenous Endophthalmitis Caused by Prototheca Microalga in Birman Cat, Spain.

We identified Prototheca spp. microalga in ocular samples of a cat in Spain with nontreatable endogenous endophthalmitis. Within 2 years, the eye lesions progressively worsened and neurologic signs appeared, suggesting systemic spread of the infection.

Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus Infection in Iberian Lynxes.

We conducted a survey for domestic cat hepadnavirus, an analog of human hepatitis B virus, in the endangered felid species Iberian lynx. Results revealed specific antibodies in 32.3% of serum samples and DNA in 0.

Transport-related respiratory pathogens in horses travelling long distances: A prospective study on arrival at the slaughterhouse.

Respiratory disorders (RDs) are a common transport-related welfare consequence in horses. This prospective study described the journeys of horses transported to two slaughterhouses in Italy, documented the prevalence of potentially RD-related pathogens, and identified possible predisposing factors. Data were recorded from arrival until 48 h after arrival and included the collection of Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS), journey details and welfare assessment of horses (n = 155).

Identification of Recombinant Aichivirus D in Cattle, Italy.

Kobuviruses (KoVs) are a group of small, non-enveloped RNA viruses classified in the genus within the family, comprising Aichivirus species A to F. KoVs have been identified in humans and several mammals, including domestic ungulates. This study investigated the presence of KoVs in a collection of bovine stool samples ( = 38) obtained from animals with enteritis or without clinical signs.

Feline Panleukopenia Virus in a Marsican Brown Bear and Crested Porcupine, Italy, 2022-2023.

The virus species Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 encompasses pathogens that infect both domestic and wild carnivores, including feline panleukopenia virus. We identified and characterized feline panleukopenia virus strains in a Marsican brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) and a crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) in Italy, extending the known host range of this virus.

A 2-stage model of heterogenous treatment effects for brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis utilizing the MS PATHS research network.

Background: Two-stage models of heterogenous treatment effects (HTE) may advance personalized medicine in multiple sclerosis (MS). Brain atrophy is a relatively objective outcome measure that has strong relationships to MS prognosis and treatment effects and is enabled by standardized MRI.

Objectives: To predict brain atrophy outcomes for patients initiating disease-modifying therapies (DMT) with different efficacies, considering the patients' baseline brain atrophy risk measured via brain parenchymal fraction (BPF).

Cortical networks of parkinsonian gait: a metabolic and functional connectivity study.

Objective: Locomotion is an automated voluntary movement sustained by coordinated neural synchronization across a distributed brain network. The cerebral cortex is central for adapting the locomotion pattern to the environment and alterations of cortical network dynamics can lead to gait impairments. Gait problems are a common symptom with a still unclear pathophysiology and represent an unmet therapeutical need in Parkinson's disease.

Humoral Immune Response in Immunized Sheep with Bovine Coronavirus Glycoproteins Delivered via an Adenoviral Vector.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is distributed globally and mainly causes different clinical manifestations: enteric diarrhea in calves, winter dysentery in adults, and respiratory symptoms in cattle of all ages. Low mortality and high morbidity are the hallmarks of BCoV infection, usually associated with substantial economic losses for the livestock industry. Vaccination, combined with the implementation of biosecurity measures, is the key strategy for the prevention of infections.

In Vitro Virucidal Activity of Different Essential Oils against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Used as Surrogate of Human Hepatitis C Virus.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major hepatotropic virus that affects humans with increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes abortion, calf mortality and poor reproductive performance in cattle. Due the difficulties of in vitro cultivation for HCV, BVDV has been used as surrogate for in vitro assessment of the efficacy of antivirals.

Long-term forgetting is independent of age in healthy children and adolescents.

Introduction: In clinical neuropsychology, the phenomenon of accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) has advanced to be a marker for subtle but clinically relevant memory problems associated with a range of neurological conditions. The normal developmental trajectory of long-term memory, in this case, memory recall after 1 week, and the influence of cognitive variables such as intelligence have not extensively been described, which is a drawback for the use of accelerated long-term forgetting measures in pediatric neuropsychology.

Methods: In this clinical observation study, we analyzed the normal developmental trajectory of verbal memory recall after 1 week in healthy children and adolescents.

Posner-Schlossman Syndrome European Study Group: study protocol and baseline patients characteristics of a multicentre study.

Background: The aim of the Posner-Schlossman Syndrome European Study Group (PSS-ESG) is to acquire a comprehensive dataset of European patients with PSS. Here, we present the first report on the study protocol and the clinical findings of the patients at baseline.

Methods: The PSS-ESG is a retrospective, multicentre study designed to evaluate patients with PSS.

Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant to Treat Persistent Full-Thickness Macular Hole.

To describe a new technique for the secondary repair of persistent full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs). This series evaluated 3 cases of a persistent FTMH after pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas tamponade. After at least 4 weeks (mean, 36.

Assessing the virucidal activity of essential oils against feline calicivirus, a non-enveloped virus used as surrogate of norovirus.

Norovirus (NoV) causes serious gastrointestinal disease worldwide and is regarded as an important foodborne pathogen. Due the difficulties of cultivation for human NoV, alternative caliciviruses (i.e.

The α-tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1: structure, cellular functions, and its emerging role in human diseases.

The acetylation of α-tubulin on lysine 40 is a well-studied post-translational modification which has been associated with the presence of long-lived stable microtubules that are more resistant to mechanical breakdown. The discovery of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1), the enzyme responsible for lysine 40 acetylation on α-tubulin in a wide range of species, including protists, nematodes, and mammals, dates to about a decade ago. However, the role of ATAT1 in different cellular activities and molecular pathways has been only recently disclosed.

The Treatment of Diabetic Retinal Edema with Intravitreal Steroids: How and When.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. It is defined as the diabetes-related accumulation of fluid, proteins, and lipids, with retinal thickening, within the macular area. DME affects a significant proportion of individuals with diabetes, with the prevalence increasing with disease duration and severity.

Combining randomized and non-randomized data to predict heterogeneous effects of competing treatments.

Some patients benefit from a treatment while others may do so less or do not benefit at all. We have previously developed a two-stage network meta-regression prediction model that synthesized randomized trials and evaluates how treatment effects vary across patient characteristics. In this article, we extended this model to combine different sources of types in different formats: aggregate data (AD) and individual participant data (IPD) from randomized and non-randomized evidence.

The Short and Brave Life of Gaetano Perusini: A Tribute to His Role in Shaping Neuroscience.

Gaetano Perusini was an early enigma in neuroscience. In an age where myths and religion still held tightly to medical knowledge, Dr. Perusini was a trailblazer, inventor, and decorated forerunner.

In Vitro Antiviral and Virucidal Activity of Ozone against Feline Calicivirus.

The family includes several viral pathogens of humans and animals, including norovirus (NoV), genus , and feline calicivirus (FCV), genus . Due to their resistance in the environment, NoV and FCV may give rise to nosocomial infections, and indirect transmission plays a major role in their diffusion in susceptible populations. A pillar of the control of viruses resistant to an environment is the adoption of prophylaR1.

A digital teleneuropsychology platform for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: from concept to certification as a medical device.

Background: Innovative digital solutions are shaping a new concept of dementia care, opening additional venues for prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Hereby, we report the development of a tablet-based teleneuropsychology platform (Tenèpsia®), from concept to certification as Medical Device (MD) Class IIA, as per new MD regulation 745/2017.

Methods: The platform was designed for the remote cognitive evaluation and created thanks to the effort of a collaborative working group including experts from three Italian scientific societies and Biogen Italia S.