Influence of Magnesium Oxide on the Structure and Catalytic Activity of the Wustite Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis.

The influence of a magnesium oxide admixture on the activation process and catalytic activity of the iron catalyst with a wustite structure was investigated during the ammonia synthesis reaction. The incorporation of magnesium oxide into wustite grains is considered to be a structure-forming and activating promoter. It stabilizes the α-Fe structure and increases the activity of the catalysts in the ammonia synthesis reaction.

Magnetic cooling: a molecular perspective.

The magnetocaloriceffect is considered as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technique which can take cooling technology to the next level. Apart from its commercial application at room temperature, magnetic refrigeration is an up-and-coming solution for the cryogenic regime, especially as an alternative to He systems. Molecular magnets reveal advantageous features for ultra-low cooling which are competitive with intermetallic and lanthanide alloys.

Application of TOF-SIMS Method in the Study of Wetting the Iron (111) Surface with Promoter Oxides.

In the present work, a simplified model of the Fe(111) surface's promoter-oxide system was investigated in order to experimentally verify the previously proposed and known models concerning the structure and chemical composition of the surfaces of iron nanocrystallites in the ammonia-synthesis catalyst. It was shown that efficient oxygen diffusion from metal oxides to the clean Fe(111) iron surface took place even at temperatures lower than 100 °C. The effective wetting of the iron surface by potassium oxide is possible when the surface is covered with oxygen at temperatures above 250 °C.

Sorption and Magnetic Properties of Oxalato-Based Trimetallic Open Framework Stabilized by Charge-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds.

We report a new structure of {[Co(bpy)(ox)][{Cu(bpy)(ox)}Fe(ox)]}·8.5nHO presenting a rare ladder topology among oxalate-based coordination polymers with anionic chains composed of alternately arranged [Cu(bpy)(ox)] and [Fe(ox)] moieties. Along the a axis, they are separated by Co(III) units to give porous material with voids of 963.

Oscillatory Mechanism of α-Fe(N) ↔ γ'-FeN Phase Transformations during Nanocrystalline Iron Nitriding.

The kinetics of nanocrystalline α-iron nitriding to γ'-iron nitride in an ammonia atmosphere was studied at 598-648 K and at atmospheric pressure. Oscillatory changes in nitriding reaction rates depending on nitrogen concentration in a solid sample were observed. This phenomenon was explained by a gradual change in the iron active surface coverage degree, with nitrogen resulting from a gradual change in the free enthalpy of nitrogen segregation.

Reaction Model Taking into Account the Catalyst Morphology and Its Active Specific Surface in the Process of Catalytic Ammonia Decomposition.

Iron catalysts for ammonia synthesis/nanocrystalline iron promoted with oxides of potassium, aluminum and calcium were characterized by studying the nitriding process with ammonia in kinetic area of the reaction at temperature of 475 °C. Using the equations proposed by Crank, it was found that the process rate is limited by diffusion through the interface, and the estimated value of the nitrogen diffusion coefficient through the boundary layer is 0.1 nm/s.

Measures of infection prevention and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Purpose: COVID-19 infection has manifested as a major threat to both patients and healthcare providers around the world. Radiation oncology institutions (ROI) deliver a major component of cancer treatment, with protocols that might span over several weeks, with the result of increasing susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and presenting with a more severe clinical course when compared with the general population. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate the impact of ROI protocols and performance on daily practice in the high-risk cancer patients during this pandemic.

Face masks: benefits and risks during the COVID-19 crisis.

Background: The German government has made it mandatory to wear respiratory masks covering mouth and nose (MNC) as an effective strategy to fight SARS-CoV-2 infections. In many countries, this directive has been extended on shopping malls or public transportation. The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the statutory regulation to wear protective masks during the COVID-19 crisis from a medical standpoint.

The history and value of face masks.

In the human population, social contacts are a key for transmission of bacteria and viruses. The use of face masks seems to be critical to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 for the period, in which therapeutic interventions are lacking. In this review, we describe the history of masks from the middle age to modern times.

Chiral Photomagnets Based on Copper(II) complexes of 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane and Octacyanidomolybdate(IV) Ions.

Chiral photomagnets compose a class of multifunctional molecule-based materials with light-induced alteration of magnetization and chiral properties. The rational design and synthesis of such assemblies is a challenge, and only few such systems are known. Herein, the remarkable octacyanide-bridged enantiomeric pair of 1-D chains [Cu(()-chxn)][Mo(CN)]·HO () and [Cu(()-chxn)][Mo(CN)]·HO () exhibiting enantiopure structural helicity, which results in optical activity in the 350-800 nm range as confirmed by natural circular dichroism (NCD) spectra, is reported.

1D coordination polymer (OPD)CoSO showing SMM behaviour and multiple relaxation modes.

A novel one-dimensional Co coordination polymer (OPD)CoSO was formed from alternating tetrahedral sulphate anions, Co centers and molecules of 1,2-phenylenediamine (OPD). The thermal stability of the structure was confirmed up to ∼230 °C using thermogravimetry and non-ambient powder X-ray diffraction in air. The distorted pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere of Co ions promotes strong magnetic anisotropy.

A mixture of cellulose production waste with municipal sewage as new material for an ecological management of wastes.

Chemical contaminants present in cellulose production waste and municipal sewage sludge condition the necessity to treat these wastes before they are introduced into the environment. Environmental use of the these wastes appears to be justified owing to the content of organic substances as well as the considerable fertilising value. The aim of the study was to assess chemical composition and ecotoxicity of cellulose production waste and municipal sewage sludge in terms of their eco-friendly application.

Magnetic percolation in CN-bridged ferrimagnetic coordination polymers.

A series of diluted molecular magnets {[MnII(H2O)2]2[MIV(CN)8]·4H2O}n (M = Nb/Mo) exhibiting a ferrimagnetic phase have been synthesized and investigated to demonstrate the first example of site percolation in magnetic coordination polymers. It is the first case of a magnetic percolation study with selective site substitution, where magnetic ions of only one type are replaced by their diamagnetic analogues leaving the other magnetic sublattice untouched. By modifying the molecular field model the NbIV concentration dependence of the magnetic ordering temperature was reproduced and the percolation threshold was determined.

Similarity and Positivity of Personality Profiles Consistently Predict Relationship Satisfaction in Dyads.

The effect of similarities in the personality traits of romantic partners on their relationship satisfaction () has often been studied, albeit with mixed results. Beyond the main effects of personality traits, incremental validity was often completely missing, or at least very low. In contrast, our five studies, three cross-sectional - including one study on leader-follower dyads to secure generalizability - and two longitudinal, show that, in predicting , the beta-coefficients of (where distance is defined as the average across items of absolute differences between the two partners' self-ratings) or (where positivity is defined as the frequency of extremely positive self-ratings) increase when either the of the profiles or the between the profiles is added as second predictor.

Irradiation Temperature Dependence of the Photomagnetic Mechanisms in a Cyanido-Bridged CuMo Trinuclear Molecule.

We report a new bimetallic cyanido-bridged trinuclear complex [Cu(enpnen)][Mo(CN)]·6.75HO (1) (enpnen = N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine) that shows reversible photomagnetic effect. The photo-induced increase of magnetization is characterized by the irradiation temperature-dependent shapes of the χ T( T) plots and different magnetization values at low temperature in high magnetic field, suggesting multiple photoexcited states.

Dinuclear molecular magnets with unblocked magnetic connectivity: magnetocaloric effect.

A detailed study of the magnetocaloric effect in two isostructural bimetallic compounds {[M(HO)][Nb(CN)]·4HO} (M = Mn, Fe) is presented. The substances show sharp phase transitions to the long-range magnetically ordered state with ferromagnetic coupling between M and Nb sublattices in the case of the Fe-based sample (FeNb, = 43 K) and antiferromagnetic coupling for the Mn-based sample (MnNb, = 50 K). The magnetic entropy change was found to reach 5.

Double Magnetic Relaxation and Magnetocaloric Effect in the {Mn[W(CN)](4,4'-dpds)} Cluster-Based Network.

Cyanide-bridged {Mn[W(CN)]} clusters with the ground state spin S = 39/2 were connected by a 4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide (4,4'-dpds) linker into 2-D double-connected coordination layers of the IO type, {Mn(4,4'-dpds)(MeOH)[W(CN)]}·12MeOH (1). The intercluster contacts are controlled by the bridging Mn-(4,4'-dpds)-Mn coordination modes and direct hydrogen bonds W-CN···HO-Mn in three crystallographic directions, with the vertex-to-vertex contact unprecedented in {MnW}-based networks dominating over the typical edge-to-edge contacts. The resulting 3D supramolecular network of high-spin clusters was subjected to a thorough magnetic characterization in context of two critical issues.

Self-Enhancement of Rotating Magnetocaloric Effect in Anisotropic Two-Dimensional (2D) Cyanido-Bridged Mn-Nb Molecular Ferrimagnet.

The rotating magnetocaloric effect (RMCE) is a new issue in the field of magnetic refrigeration. We have explored this subject on the two-dimensional (2D) enantiopure {[Mn(R-mpm)][Nb(CN)]}·4HO (where mpm = α-methyl-2-pyridinemethanol) coordination ferrimagnet. In this study, the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of single crystals were investigated along the bc//H easy plane and the a*//H hard axis.

Photoswitchable CuMo and CuMo cyanido-bridged molecules.

The self-assembly of copper(ii) complexes with two Schiff base ligands: L1 = N and L2 = N and octacyanidomolybdate(iv) ions yields two discrete molecules of odd nuclearity, namely pentametallic [Cu(L1)(py)][Mo(CN)]·14HO (1), CuMo and trimetallic [Cu(L2)][Mo(CN)]·9HO (2), CuMo. Both molecular systems have been characterised structurally and magnetically, revealing a photomagnetic effect. In the case of (1) a metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) mechanism is proposed.