Evaluating Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Board Exams: Performance and Potential.

Background: While artificial intelligence has significantly impacted medicine, the application of large language models (LLMs) in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) remains underexplored.

Purpose: This study aimed to measure and compare the accuracy of 4 leading LLMs on OMS board examination questions and to identify specific areas for improvement.

Study Design, Setting, And Sample: An in-silico cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate 4 artificial intelligence chatbots on 714 OMS board examination questions.

Botulinum Toxin-Induced Parotitis: A Postoperative Complication Following Masseter Muscle Injection.

Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is a common treatment for bruxism, but there is no literature on potential salivary gland complications. This paper presents a case of acute parotitis in a 60-year-old female following BTX injections to the masseter muscle. This case highlights the possible salivary gland complications after injection of BTX into the masticatory muscles.

Risk Factors for Postsurgical Infections in Facial Feminization Surgery.

Background: Facial feminization surgical procedures are involving several surgical disciplines in multiple surgical sites and therefore may carry the risk of developing infections. Data on the development of postsurgical infection (PSI) and contributing factors in male-to-female transgender people (transwomen) undergoing facial feminization surgery are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the contributing factors to develop PSIs in facial feminization surgical procedures.

Maxillofacial Injuries Sustained by Riders of Electric-Powered Bikes and Electric-Powered Scooters.

Objectives: The purpose of our study is to retrospectively analyze and compare the patterns of maxillofacial-related injuries among rides of electric-powered bikes (E-bikes) and electric-powered scooters (E-scooters), the associated risk factors, and the required treatment.

Materials And Methods: The medical files of all riders presenting to the emergency department at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center between 2019 and 2020 with oral- and maxillofacial-related injuries due to E-bike and E-scooter accidents were reviewed.

Results: A total of 320 riders sustained oral- and maxillofacial-related injuries due to trauma involving E-bikes and E-scooters during the study period.

Vertical Ramus Osteotomy, Is It Still a Valid Tool in Orthognathic Surgery?

The purpose of this study is to evaluate mandibular osteotomy procedures during orthognathic surgery, with an emphasis on the complications of the two leading procedures: intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) and sagittal split osteotomy (SSO). We conducted a retrospective cohort study by extracting the records of patients who underwent either IVRO or SSO procedures during orthognathic surgery in a single center between January 2010 and December 2019. A total of 144 patients were included (median age of 20.

Winds of Change in Antibiotic Therapy following Orthognathic Surgery.

: This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare three postoperative antibiotic protocols of different durations on surgical-site-infection (SSI) rates following orthognathic surgery for the correction of jaw deformities. : An analysis on data collected from the medical files of 209 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between 2010 and 2019 was conducted. The patients were divided into three groups according to the postoperative antibiotic protocol-Group 1 (24 h), Group 2 (2-3 days), and Group 3 (>3 days).

Acinar Atrophy, Fibrosis and Fatty Changes Are Significantly More Common than Sjogren's Syndrome in Minor Salivary Gland Biopsies.

Hyposalivation and xerostomia can result from a variety of conditions. Diagnosis is based on a combination of medical history, clinical and serological parameters, imaging, and minor salivary gland biopsy when indicated. The Objective was to characterize microscopic changes in minor salivary gland biopsies taken in patients with xerostomia.

IgG4-related sialadenitis - a rare bilateral submandibular gland enlargement: case report.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory condition of unknown etiology. Although the salivary glands are currently considered among the most commonly affected among them, oral and maxillofacial surgeons are generally not familiar with the condition. Enlargement of the major salivary glands may be the first identifiable sign of IgG4-RD.

Three-dimensional intraoperative computed tomography imaging for zygomatic fracture repair.

Objectives: Zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures comprise up to 40% of all facial fractures. Misaligned bone fragments and misplaced fixation hardware traditionally detected postoperatively on plain radiographs of the skull might require re-operation. The intraoperative O-Arm (Medtronic, USA) is a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic imaging system.

Short Versus Extended Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Via a Lateral Window Approach: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the surgical site infection rate with short (24 hours) vs extended (7 days) antibiotic prophylaxis for maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-five patients who were candidates for unilateral or bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery were randomly assigned to short or extended antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients were evaluated on days 7, 14, 30, 60, and 180 after surgery for symptoms and signs of infection.

Retrospective Clinicopathological Analysis of 65 Peri-Implant Lesions.

: Peri-implantitis is a common finding among patients with dental implants. There is no consensus regarding the treatment of this disease, but in many cases, surgical treatment is common practice. A histopathological analysis is not an integral part of suggested protocols.

Knowledge and Associated Factors about Rare Diseases among Dentists in Israel: A Cross Sectional Survey.

The current study aims to assess levels of knowledge among Israeli dentists about rare diseases with orofacial manifestations, and whether occupational, regional and social factors influence those levels. A total of 309 Israeli dentists participated in an online survey that provided basic demographic information pertaining to their knowledge about rare diseases, their clinical experience with rare diseases, what further information they considered necessary, and which sources of information they most frequently utilize. Young age, country of dental education, practicing in both public and private settings, as well as the number of hours allocated to dental studies and the opportunity to acquire information on rare diseases with orofacial manifestations, all seem to affect the level of knowledge.

Orthognathic surgery complications: The 10-year experience of a single center.

The retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of these complications in patients who underwent orthognathic procedures. Data on the intraoperative and the postoperative complications were extracted from the patients' medical files. Procedures were further subdivided into single-jaw procedures and bimaxillary procedures.

Use of PRP, PRF and CGF in Periodontal Regeneration and Facial Rejuvenation-A Narrative Review.

Growth factors (GFs) play a vital role in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and angiogenesis. Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) which contain high levels of GFs make them especially suitable for periodontal regeneration and facial rejuvenation. The main generations of APCs presented are platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) techniques.

Increased COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy and Health Awareness amid COVID-19 Vaccinations Programs in Israel.

In January 2021, Israel started vaccinating healthcare workers (HCWs) and individuals older than 65 years with COVID-19 vaccines. Scientific literature points to vaccine hesitancy as being a major health concern. During time of pandemics, increased consciousness of health behaviors may be encountered.

A retrospective analysis of dental implantation under anticoagulant treatment.

Objectives: To present our experience treating patients who have undergone dental implantation under no change in their constant anticoagulant treatment.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study on patients who have undergone dental implantation. The study group consisted of patients under oral anticoagulants for at least 6 months before dental implantation.

Simultaneous Placement of Endosseous Implants in Free Fibula Flap for Reconstruction of Mandibular Resection Defects.

Functional reconstruction of the jaw defect due to tumor resection poses a challenging problem in maxillofacial surgery. Large bone defects in the mandible due to ablation for tumors may generate a series of problems, as far as function and esthetics of the patient is concerned. The use of free bone flaps for mandibular reconstruction has the obvious advantage of being a well vascularized tissue that can withstand the hostile environment of the oral cavity.

Continuous tooth eruption adjacent to single-implant restorations in the anterior maxilla: aetiology, mechanism and outcomes - A review of the literature.

Introduction: Dental trauma and congenital anodontia are common causes of anodontia in the anterior maxilla. The proposed restorative treatment constitutes a challenge for many dentists, particularly if it is a question of a young patient who has not yet completed skeletal and dental development. Current treatments for anterior maxillary anodontia include: fixed or removable partial dentures; orthodontic closure of interdental spaces; and dental implants.

Presence of ROS in Inflammatory Environment of Peri-Implantitis Tissue: In Vitro and In Vivo Human Evidence.

Analyses of composition, distribution of cellular and extracellular matrix components, and molecular analysis of mitochondria related genes of bone loss in the presence of inflammatory environment in humans was the aim of the present project. As a human model we chose peri-implantitis. Morphological analyses were performed by means classical histological, immunohistochemical, and SEM (scanning electron miscroscopy) test.

Predictability of Mandibular Autorotation After Le Fort I Maxillary Impaction in Case of Vertical Maxillary Excess.

A retrospective study of 20 patients treated for vertical maxillary excess between 2009 and 2010, solely by superior surgical repositioning of the maxilla. Clinical and radiological cephalometric parameters were analyzed statistically and their impact on achieving the predicted postoperative mandibular autorotation and on relapse. According to our study, patients presenting with an anterior open bite and a low occlusal plane angle might fail to achieve the predicted mandibular autorotation and are prone to postoperative relapse.

Histologic and Radiographic Characteristics of Bone Filler Under Bisphosphonates.

Background: Dental implants and bone augmentation are well-established procedures used for oral rehabilitation. There is an increasing interest in biological mediators used topically for prevention of bone resorption maybe enhancement of osseointegration of dental implants. The purpose of the manuscript is to describe preliminarily the effect of bisphosphonates on the ossification pattern of bone grafts in a rat model.

Microflora of normal maxillary sinuses: does it justify perioperative antibiotic treatment in sinus augmentation procedures.

Objectives: To investigate bacterial flora of normal maxillary sinuses in order to facilitate perioperative antibiotic management in sinus augmentation procedures.

Materials And Methods: Specimens of maxillary sinus mucosa were harvested during planned orthognatic surgery in 18 patients with no evidence of rhinosinusitis. The samples were processed according to hospital routine for aerobic and anaerobic cultures.

Mechanisms of Association Between Paternal Alcoholism and Abuse of Alcohol and Other Illicit Drugs Among Adolescents.

The current study examines the effect of paternal alcohol problems on adolescent use of alcohol and other illicit drugs as a function of maternal communication, as well as adolescent social and coping skills ( = 145). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that adolescents with a paternal history of alcohol problems reported higher levels of problematic communication with their mothers than did adolescents with fathers who were light drinkers or who were non-drinkers. Moreover, problematic maternal communication functioned as a partial mediator for both adolescent negative social skills and self-blame coping skills.

Inferior alveolar neurosensory deficiency associated with placement of dental implants.

Background: This study reports and analyzes a large series of patients with neurosensory deficiency related to the placement of dental implants (DIs) and resulting in liability claims (LCs).

Methods: From 1998 to 2009, there were 92 LCs related to persistent altered sensation post DI placements in Israel. Patients' demographics, year and source of LCs, interval between the procedure that resulted in a neurosensory deficiency and the LC, qualifications of the surgeon, preoperative imaging modality, DI length, available alveolar bone for DI placement, placement site, timing of DI placement (immediately after tooth extraction or after socket healing), and treatment after the diagnosis of neurosensory deficiency were recorded and analyzed.