Characterization of porous glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) implant structures: porosity and mechanical properties.

The aim of this study was to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous fiber-reinforced composites (FRC). Implants made of the FRC structures are intended for cranial applications. The FRC specimens were prepared by impregnating E-glass fiber sheet with non-resorbable bifunctional bis-phenyl glycidyl dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate resin matrix.

In vitro antimicrobial properties of silver-polysaccharide coatings on porous fiber-reinforced composites for bone implants.

Biostable fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) implants prepared from bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate and triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate resin reinforced with E-glass fibers have been successfully used in cranial reconstructions in 15 patients. Recently, porous FRC structures were suggested as potential implant materials. Compared with smooth surface, porous surface allows implant incorporation via bone ingrowth, but is also a subject to bacterial attachment.

Fracture resistance of CAD/CAM-fabricated fiber-reinforced composite denture retainers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM)-fabricated fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) denture retainers. Distal extension dentures incorporating two telescopic retainers and two molar pontics, with or without fiberglass, were fabricated by CAD/CAM or by the conventional polymerization method. The dentures were subjected to a vertical load on the second molar pontic until fracture.

Laser Doppler imaging of skin microcirculation under fiber-reinforced composite framework of facial prosthesis.

Objective: Glass-fiber reinforced composite has been suggested to be used as framework material in silicone elastomer facial prostheses. The glass-fiber reinforced framework makes it possible to make the margin of the prosthesis very tight, so that it will lean tightly against the skin even during facial expressions and jaw movements. The purpose of this study was to study how the compression of the glass-fiber reinforced framework would affect the microcirculation of the facial skin.

Flexural strengths of conventional and nanofilled fiber-reinforced composites: a three-point bending test.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the introduction of nanofillers on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) for stabilization and conservative treatment of multiple traumatized anterior teeth. In particular, the aim of the research was to point out the force levels of two sizes (diameters 0.6 and 0.

Influence of intermediate resin on the bond strength of light-curing composite resin to polymer substrate.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of intermediate resin (IMR) of different monomer compositions and viscosities on the shear bond strength between polymer substrate and light-curing composite.

Methods: The substrate used in the study was an autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based polymer. The substrate was treated with the IMR for 3 min before application of light polymerizable particulate filler composite resin.

Physical properties and depth of cure of a new short fiber reinforced composite.

Objectives: To determine the physical properties and curing depth of a new short fiber composite intended for posterior large restorations (everX Posterior) in comparison to different commercial posterior composites (Alert, TetricEvoCeram Bulk Fill, Voco X-tra base, SDR, Venus Bulk Fill, SonicFill, Filtek Bulk Fill, Filtek Superme, and Filtek Z250). In addition, length of fiber fillers of composite XENIUS base compared to the previously introduced composite Alert has been measured.

Materials And Methods: The following properties were examined according to ISO standard 4049: flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture toughness, polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure.

Effect of particle deposition parameters on silica coating of zirconia using a chairside air-abrasion device.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of nozzle distance, nozzle angle, and deposition duration on the silica content attained on zirconia by air abrasion.

Materials And Methods: Disk-shaped zirconia (LAVA, 3M ESPE) (diameter: 10 mm, thickness: 2 mm) specimens (N = 54) were obtained. They were wet-ground finished using 600-, 800-, and 1200-grit silicone carbide abrasive papers in sequence and ultrasonically cleaned.

Craniofacial bone reconstruction with bioactive fiber-reinforced composite implant.

Background: A novel, bioactive, fiber-reinforced composite implant is a solution to address the shortcomings in craniofacial bone reconstruction. A longitudinal clinical investigation with a follow-up time of 4 years was conducted.

Methods: A cranial bone reconstruction with the implant was performed on 12 patients.

Blood and fibroblast responses to thermoset BisGMA-TEGDMA/glass fiber-reinforced composite implants in vitro.

Objectives: This in vitro study was designed to evaluate both blood and human gingival fibroblast responses on fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) aimed to be used as oral implant abutment material.

Material And Methods: Two different types of substrates were investigated: (a) Plain polymer (BisGMA 50%-TEGDMA 50%) and (b) FRC. The average surface roughness (Ra) was measured using spinning-disk confocal microscope.

Investigation of double bond conversion, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activity of dental resins with different alkyl chain length quaternary ammonium methacrylate monomers (QAM).

In order to endow dental resin with antibacterial activity, a series of antibacterial quaternary ammonium methacrylate monomers (QAM) with different substituted alkyl chain length (from 10 to 18) were incorporated into commonly used 2,2-bis[4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloyloxy-propoxy)-phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA)/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (50 wt/50 wt) dental resin as immobilized antibacterial agents. Double bond conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM), and young and mature biofilms inhibition effectiveness of prepared dental resins were studied and Bis-GMA/TEGDMA without QAM was used as reference. Results showed that there was no significant difference on DC, FS, and FM between copolymer with and without 5 wt% QAM.

Synthesis and characterization of new dimethacrylate monomer and its application in dental resin.

In this study, a dimethacrylate monomer, 1,4-Bis[2-(4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloyloxy-propoxy)phenyl)-2propyl]benzene (BMPPB) was synthesized to replace 2,2-bis[4-(2'-hydroxyl-3'-methacryloyloxy-propoxy)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) as one component of dental restorative materials. The structure of BMPPB and its intermediate product 1,4-bis[2-(4-(oxiranylmethoxy)phenyl)-2propyl]benzene (BOPPB) were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR), and elemental analysis. In order to evaluate the possibility of replacing Bis-GMA with BMPPB in dental resin, double bond conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage, contact angle, water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL), and flexural strength (FS) and modulus of BMPPB/tri(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (50/50 wt) resin system and Bis-GMA/BMPPB/TEGDMA (25/25/50 wt) resin system were studied.

Effect of surface modification on the bond strength between zirconia and resin cement.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the micro push-out (μ-PO) bond strength between zirconia and resin cement after addition of zirconia particles to increase the surface roughness.

Materials And Methods: Y-TZP zirconia specimens in three experimental groups were subjected to Y-TZP particle deposition via dipping into the milling residue suspension at different times prior to the sintering process. The dipping procedure was repeated twice for each specimen in group B, six times in group C, and ten times in group D.

Effect of water temperature on cyclic fatigue properties of glass-fiber-reinforced hybrid composite resin and its fracture pattern after flexural testing.

Purpose: To evaluate in vitro the influence of dynamic loading applied to a glass-fiber-reinforced hybrid composite resin on its flexural strength in a moist, simulated oral environment.

Materials And Methods: Three-point flexural strength specimens were subjected to cyclic loading in water at 37°C and 55°C to investigate the influence of immersion temperature on impact fatigue properties. Specimens were subjected to cyclic impact loading at 1 Hz for up to 5 × 105 cycles to obtain the number of cycles to failure, the number of unbroken specimens after 5 × 105 cycles, and the residual flexural strength of unbroken specimens.

Effects of different cavity designs on fracture load of fiber-reinforced adhesive fixed dental prostheses in the anterior region.

Purpose: To evaluate the fracture strength of inlay-retained, surface-retained, and cantilevered fiber-reinforced adhesively fixed dental prostheses (FRA-FDPs) in the anterior region.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two sound human right central incisors and canines were divided into four groups. Test groups were as follows: group 1, both teeth had deep cavity preparation; group 2, both teeth had shallow cavity preparation; group 3, only the canine teeth had deep cavity preparation; group 4, no preparation was made on the abutment teeth.

[Biomaterials in bone repair].

In orthopedics, traumatology, and craniofacial surgery, biomaterials should meet the clinical demands of bone that include shape, size and anatomical location of the defect, as well as the physiological load-bearing stresses. Biomaterials are metals, ceramics, plastics or materials of biological origin. In the treatment of large defects, metallic endoprostheses or bone grafts are employed, whereas ceramics in the case of small defects.

Preparation and evaluation of dental resin with antibacterial and radio-opaque functions.

In order to prepare antibacterial and radio-opaque dental resin, a methacrylate monomer named 2-Dimethyl-2-dodecyl-1-methacryloxyethyl ammonium iodine (DDMAI) with both antibacterial and radio-opaque activities was added into a 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl)-phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) dental resin system. Degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM), water sorption (WS) and solubility (WSL), antibacterial activity, and radio-opacity (ROX) of the obtained dental resin system were investigated. Bis-GMA/MMA resin system without DDMAI was used as a control.

Synthesis of a novel tertiary amine containing urethane dimethacrylate monomer (UDMTA) and its application in dental resin.

A novel tertiary amine containing urethane dimethacrylate monomer UDMTA was synthesized with the aim of replacing Bis-GMA as one component of dental restorative materials. The structure of UDMTA was confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H-NMR spectra. UDMTA was incorporated into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50 wt%/50 wt%) resin system to replace Bis-GMA partly and totally.

Load bearing capacity of fiber-reinforced and unreinforced composite resin CAD/CAM-fabricated fixed dental prostheses.

Statement Of Problem: It is unclear if fiber-reinforced fixed dental prostheses can be fabricated with physical properties that make them suitable for definitive prostheses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the load bearing capacity of fiber-reinforced and unreinforced computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabricated fixed dental prostheses.

Material And Methods: Fixed dental prostheses were fabricated with CAD/CAM from 3 experimental fiber-reinforced composite resin blocks, 1 experimental composite resin block, and 1 commercially available composite resin block.

Short and long term effects of additional post curing and polishing systems on the color change of dental nano-composites.

The purpose was to determine the short and long term effects of polishing systems and post-heat-light curing on the color stability of nano-composites. The disc shaped samples (ø=10 mm, h=3 mm) were prepared. Forty subgroups (n=5) were designed according to two different curing conditions and five different polishing methods.

Short fiber reinforced composite in restoring severely damaged incisors.

Objective: To evaluate the static-load-bearing capacity of severely damaged endodontically-treated incisors restored with short fiber composite (SFC) as a direct post-core-crown complex and to investigate the effect of SFC on the failure mode of the restorations.

Materials And Methods: The clinical crowns of 40 maxillary incisors were prepared by cutting 2/3 parts of the crown horizontally. Five groups were fabricated (n = 8) using the direct technique; Group A: Crown restorations from conventional composite (CC); Group B: FRC-posts with core-crown restorations from CC; Group C: Crown restorations from SFC; Group D: FRC-posts and core-crown restorations from SFC; Group E: Post-core-crown restorations from SFC.

Influence of staining solutions and whitening procedures on discoloration of hybrid composite resins.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the color stability and water uptake of two hybrid composite resins polymerized in two different conditions after exposure to commonly consumed beverages. In addition, the effect of repolishing and bleaching on the stained composite was evaluated.

Methods: Eighty specimens (12 mm × 12 mm × 3 mm) were made from two hybrid composite resins of shade A2.

Estimation of the surface gloss of dental nano composites as a function of color measuring geometry.

Purpose: To estimate the surface gloss of various dental nano composites by using the correlation between deltaE* specular component excluded (SCE) - specular component included (SCI) and surface roughness (Ra).

Methods: Two brands of commercial and two experimental light-cured resin composites were used. Resin composite discs were prepared 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness.

Creep of experimental short fiber-reinforced composite resin.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reinforcing effect of short E-glass fiber fillers oriented in different directions on composite resin under static and dynamic loading. Experimental short fiber-reinforced composite resin (FC) was prepared by mixing 22.5 wt% of short E-glass fibers, 22.

Multi-layer porous fiber-reinforced composites for implants: in vitro calcium phosphate formation in the presence of bioactive glass.

Objectives: Glass-fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs), based on bifunctional methacrylate resin, have recently shown their potential for use as durable cranioplasty, orthopedic and oral implants. In this study we suggest a multi-component sandwich implant structure with (i) outer layers out of porous FRC, which interface the cortical bone, and (ii) inner layers encompassing bioactive glass granules, which interface with the cancellous bone.

Methods: The capability of Bioglass(®) 45S5 granules (100-250μm) to induce calcium phosphate formation on the surface of the FRC was explored by immersing the porous FRC-Bioglass laminates in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 28d.