Revisiting the external urethral sphincter: new anatomical insights from a human cadaver study.

Purpose: The external urethral sphincter (EUS) is critical for urinary continence, but its complex anatomy is not fully understood, complicating its preservation during prostate surgeries. This study aims to elucidate the anatomy and development of the EUS to enhance surgical techniques for continence preservation.

Methods: The study consisted of a postmortem examination of three male cadavers, aged 52, 64, and 60, with intact urogenital systems.

The Relationship between Resistant Hypertension and Advanced Glycation End-Product Levels Measured Using the Skin Autofluorescence Method: A Case-Control Study.

Resistant hypertension is hypertension that cannot be controlled despite the use of three antihypertensive drugs, one of which is a diuretic. Resistant hypertension often coexists with advanced age, obesity, smoking, and diabetes. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are substances that are generated as a result of the glycation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids due to conditions such as hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia.

Analytical Tools for Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries of Cyclic Peptides.

Target-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry is a very attractive strategy for the discovery of bioactive peptides. However, its application has not yet been demonstrated, presumably due to analytical challenges that arise from the diversity of a peptide library with combinatorial side-chains. We previously reported an efficient method to generate, under biocompatible conditions, large dynamic libraries of cyclic peptides grafted with amino acid's side-chains, by thiol-to-thioester exchanges.

The Role of Advanced Glycation End-Product Levels Measured by Skin Autofluorescence in the Development of Mitral Annular Calcification.

As a person ages, mitral annular calcification develops in the mitral annulus with increasing frequency. Lipid deposition, inflammation, and aging-related degeneration have been cited as potential causes of this pathophysiology, though there is currently no conclusive evidence to support this. AGEs accumulate in tissues due to the glycation of proteins and lipids, increasing the release of proinflammatory cytokines secondary to oxidative stress through the AGE receptor.

Short-Term Prognostic Value of the Culprit-SYNTAX Score in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background: The SYNergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score is a scoring system that helps to decide on surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and studies are showing the prognostic value of this scoring system in both AMI and coronary artery disease patients undergoing PCI. In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, the infarct-related artery and the complexity of the lesions are also important in terms of mortality and morbidity. Our study aimed to determine the prognostic value of the culprit vessel's SYNTAX score (cul-SS) in patients presenting with MI.

The effect of being married on heart rate variability, an indicator of autonomic dysfunction: A retrospective study.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive assessment that reflects the autonomic functions of the heart and is known to be impaired in many diseases. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between HRV and being married. The study included 104 patients, between the aged 20 to 40 years were included in the study.

Interventional therapy of acute coronary syndromes in very old patient population and results of 2 years follow-up.

Background: Research on cardiovascular treatment options and prognosis in very old age groups of patients is warranted. In our study, we evaluated and followed up on clinical conditions on admission and comorbidities of patients older than 80 years who were admitted to our hospital with acute myocardial infarction and shared our findings.

Results: A total of 144 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 84.

Evaluation of the Trachea and Bronchi in COVID-19 Patients Using the 3-dimensional Reconstruction Method.

Objective: To evaluate changes in the trachea and bronchi of COVID-19 patients using the 3-dimensional reconstruction images obtained from chest CT (computed tomography) scans.

Study Design: An observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Departments of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey, between March 2021 and January 2022.

Morphological evaluation and clinical significance of the supracondylar process and supratrochlear foramen: an anatomic and radiological study.

Background: In our literature review, we did not encounter any study examining the supracondylar process (SP) and the supratrochlear foramen (STF) with a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method. The present study aimed to evaluate SP and STF morphologically by employing the 3D reconstruction method and emphasize their clinical significance.

Materials And Methods: The research was carried out on dried human humeri of unknown sex and without pathological alterations.

Dynamic Amino Acid Side-Chains Grafting on Folded Peptide Backbone.

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of large libraries of conformationally defined peptides is reported, using dynamic combinatorial chemistry as a tool to graft amino acid side chains on a well-ordered 3D (3-dimension) peptide backbone. Combining rationally designed scaffolds with combinatorial side chains selection represents an alternative method to access peptide libraries for structures that are not genetically encodable. This method would allow a breakthrough for the discovery of protein mimetic for unconventional targets for which little is known.

Comparison of SYNTAX and Gensini Scores in the Decision of Surgery or Percutaneous Revascularization in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease.

Introduction:  Many scoring systems have been developed to determine the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with multi-vessel disease. The most widely used of these are Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) and Gensini scoring. Gensini scoring system can successfully show coronary plaque burden.

Does hospitalisation of a patient in the intensive care unit cause anxiety and does restriction of visiting cause depression for the relatives of these patients during COVID-19 pandemic?

Objectives: During the pandemic, anxiety and depression may occur increasingly in the whole society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cause, incidence and levels of anxiety and depression in the relatives of the patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) in accordance with the patients' SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result.

Materials And Method: The study was prospectively conducted on relatives of patients admitted to tertiary intensive care units during COVID-19 pandemic.

The effects of melatonin on possible damage that will occur on adipocytokines and liver tissue by coadministration of fructose and bisphenol a (BPA).

BPA, one of the environmental endocrine disruptors, and fructose, reason of liver steatosis which is frequently encountered in the daily diet, contribute to the formation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study examines the possible effects of concurrent fructose and BPA administration on MetS and determines the effects of melatonin on this process. In the seven identified groups, a total of forty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were treated by following fructose, BPA, and melatonin amounts, separately and together: group 1 (control), group 2 (10% aqueous fructose), group 3 (25 mg/kg BPA), group 4 (10% fructose + 25 mg/kg BPA), group 5 (10% fructose + 20 mg/kg melatonin), group 6 (25 mg/kg BPA + 20 mg/kg melatonin), and group 7 (10% fructose + 25 mg/kg BPA + 20 mg/kg melatonin).

Effects of co-administered melatonin, fructose and bisphenol A (BPA) on rat epididymis and sperm characteristics.

Consumption of fructose-rich food and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals continue to increase. High fructose consumption is associated with increased incidence of dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant that exhibits estrogen-like activity; it impairs reproductive organs, sperm production, spermatogenesis and fertility.

Brain Deaths and Donors in an Education and Research Hospital.

Background: We aimed to define the causes of brain death (BD), criteria, and tests used for diagnosis, rates of family consent, and rates of organ donation in intensive care units (ICUs) of an education and research hospital.

Methods: The data of patients with BD diagnosis in 7 years in our hospital was collected from an electronic database and archives retrospectively consisting of the demographic data, the causes of BD, criteria, and the tests used for diagnosis, family consent, and organ donation rates.

Results: A total of 210 patients with BD diagnosis were enrolled in the study.

Red Cell Distribution Width in Diagnosis of Brain Death.

Introduction: Red blood cell distribution (RDW) is a hematologic index automatically calculated by blood cell counters. Research about RDW in traumatic brain injury showed positive correlation between high RDW values and mortality, which inspired us to investigate whether RDW could be used as a supportive diagnostic biomarker for diagnosis of brain death. Our hypothesis is that RDW may be useful as a biomarker that supports the diagnosis of brain death.

Comparative evaluation of various low-level laser therapies on bone healing following tooth extraction: An experimental animal study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of helium-neon and gallium-aluminum-arsenide lasers with various doses on bone healing following tooth extraction.

Materials And Methods: Maxillary right incisor teeth of 30 female albino Wistar rats were extracted. Five groups were established: four groups treated with helium-neon or gallium-aluminum-arsenide lasers and a control group.

A comparison of preoperative and postoperative testicular volume and blood flow in patients with inguinal hernia, hydrocele, and cord cyst: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of inguinal operations performed with a modified Ferguson technique upon testicular volume and blood flow.

Methods: This study involved 23 children receiving surgery for inguinal hernia, hydrocele, and cord cyst. This was a prospective study performed between April 2016 and June 2016 in a medical faculty pediatric surgery unit.

Comparison of Intraoperative and Postoperative Effects of Lateral Epidural and Midline Epidural Anaesthesia in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Lower Extremity Operation.

Objective: We aimed to compare lateral and midline epidural anaesthesia using a levobupivacaine-fentanyl combination in patients undergoing unilateral lower extremity operation for anaesthetic effects and postoperative complications.

Methods: The study included 40 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II group patients. At the L4-5 space, an epidural catheter was placed in patients in Group 1 by directing the tip of the needle at a 45-degree angle to the operation side and in Group 2 with the needle tip in the cephalad direction.

Detailed Surgical Anatomy of Prostate: Relationship between Urethra and Dorsal Vein Complex with Apex.

Aim: To describe our surgical technique for dissecting the apex of prostate during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) and detailed surgical anatomy of prostate including relationship between urethra and dorsal vein complex with apex.

Materials And Methods: In retrospective view of prospective collected data, 73 patients underwent RALP between December 2012 and September 2014. Surgical anatomy of prostate was revealed in all procedures.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with proximal/middle segment of the LAD lesions in patients with ST segment elevation infarction.

Introduction: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was revaled to have a close relation with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The relationship between NLR and culprit plaque localization has never been studied.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the association between NLR and unstable plaque localization of left anterior descending artery (LAD) in anterior miyocardial infarction patients.

Infective endocarditis: a tertiary referral centre experience from Turkey.

Introduction: We aimed to define the current characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) in a part of Turkey.

Methods: All patients who were hospitalized in our hospital with a diagnosis of IE between 2009 and 2014 were included in the study. Data were collected from archives records of all patients.

Effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal-dermal distance, pain, edema and inflammation after experimentally induced soft tissue trauma.

Purpose: In sports medicine, the use of kinesiologic tape has recently gained popularity. Although widely used, there is no study examining the effects of kinesiologic tape on soft tissue after a contusion injury. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal-dermal distance, edema, pain and inflammation after experimentally induced contusion injury.