Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various cell types, but in osteoporosis, this process shifts towards fat cell (adipocyte) formation due to the role of the FOXO3 gene.*
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The study used RNA sequencing and other methods to show that FOXO3 not only drives the expression of key fat cell transcription factors but is also involved in a positive feedback loop that enhances its own expression.*
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By activating the PI3K-AKT pathway, FOXO3 promotes autophagy, which is linked to MSCs turning into adipocytes, suggesting that targeting FOXO3 could be a potential treatment strategy for osteoporosis.*