The miR172a-SNB module orchestrates both induced and adult-plant resistance to multiple diseases via MYB30-mediated lignin accumulation in rice.

Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth period. Rice production faces threats from multiple major diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, and bacterial leaf blight. Here, we report that the miR172a-SNB-MYB30 module regulates both induced and adult-plant resistance to these three major diseases via lignification in rice.

Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic basis of rice resistance to three herbicides.

Crop resistance to herbicides is crucial for agricultural productivity and sustainability amidst escalating challenges of weed resistance. Uncovering herbicide resistant genes is particularly important for rice production. In this study, we tested the resistance to three commonly used herbicides: glufosinate, glyphosate and mesotrione of 421 diverse rice cultivars and employed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to unravel the genetic underpinnings of resistance to these three herbicides in rice.

Triple gene mutations boost amylose and resistant starch content in rice: insights from //OE- mutants.

Previous studies have modified rice's resistant starch (RS) content by mutating single and double genes. These mutations include knocking out or reducing the expression of or genes, as well as overexpressing . However, the impact of triple mutant //OE- on RS contents remained unknown.

Generation of aroma in three-line hybrid rice through CRISPR/Cas9 editing of BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE2 (OsBADH2).

Aroma or fragrance in rice is a genetically controlled trait; Its high appreciation by consumers increases the rice market price. Previous studies have revealed that the rice aroma is controlled by a specific gene called BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (OsBADH2), and mutation of this gene leads to the accumulation of an aromatic substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP). The use of genetic engineering to produce aroma in commercial and cultivated hybrids is a contemporary need for molecular breeding.

Rapid Visual Detection of Elite Erect Panicle Allele for Marker-Assisted Improvement in Rice ( L.) Using the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method.

Molecular-assisted breeding is an effective way to improve targeted agronomic traits. () is a pleiotropic gene that regulates yield, quality, disease resistance, and stress tolerance, traits that are of great value in rice ( L.) breeding.

HCC1, a Polygalacturonase, Regulates Chlorophyll Degradation via the Ethylene Synthesis Pathway.

Chlorophyll degradation is an important physiological process and is essential for plant growth and development. However, how chlorophyll degradation is controlled at the cellular and molecular level remains largely elusive. Pectin is a main component of the primary cell wall, and polygalacturonases (PGs) is a group of pectin-hydrolases that cleaves the pectin backbone and release oligogalacturonide.

Rapid Visual Detection of High Nitrogen-Use Efficiency Gene in Rice ( L.) Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method.

The ( allele is an important target for the development of new high nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) rice lines that would require less fertilizers. Detection of through PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based assay is cumbersome and needs advanced laboratory skills and facilities. Hence, a method for conveniently and rapidly detecting on-field is a key requirement for further research and applications.

A putative SUBTILISIN-LIKE SERINE PROTEASE 1 (SUBSrP1) regulates anther cuticle biosynthesis and panicle development in rice.

Introduction: Panicle abortion is a severe physiological defect and causes a reduction in grain yield.

Objectives: In this study, we aim to provide the characterization and functional analysis of a mutant apa1331 (apical panicle abortion1331).

Methods: The isolated mutant from an EMS-mutagenized population was subjected to SSR analysis and Mutmap assay for candidate gene mapping.

Investigation of flavonoid components and their associated antioxidant capacity in different pigmented rice varieties.

Black and red rice are flavonoid-rich and nutritious. However, comprehensive information of flavonoid components in different pigmented rice varieties remain unclear. Here, we analyze the differences in flavonoid components in black, red, and white rice by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and metabolome analysis.

Rice β-Glucosidase 4 (Os1βGlu4) Regulates the Hull Pigmentation via Accumulation of Salicylic Acid.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a stress hormone synthesized in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and the branching acid pathway. SA has two interconvertible forms in plants: SAG (SA -β-glucoside) and SA (free form). The molecular mechanism of conversion of SA to SAG had been reported previously.

Phytohormones and Transcriptome Analyses Revealed the Dynamics Involved in Spikelet Abortion and Inflorescence Development in Rice.

Panicle degeneration, sometimes known as abortion, causes heavy losses in grain yield. However, the mechanism of naturally occurring panicle abortion is still elusive. In a previous study, we characterized a mutant, exhibiting abortion in apical spikelets starting from the 6 cm stage of panicle development.

Crosstalk between the Circadian Clock and Histone Methylation.

The circadian clock and histone modifications could form a feedback loop in Arabidopsis; whether a similar regulatory mechanism exists in rice is still unknown. Previously, we reported that and are two rice heading date regulators in rice. encodes a histone H3K36 methyltransferase, and is a vital circadian rhythm transcription factor.

Proteomic Changes to the Updated Discovery of Engineered Insulin and Its Analogs: Pros and Cons.

The destruction of β-cells of the pancreas leads to either insulin shortage or the complete absence of insulin, which in turn causes diabetes Mellitus. For treating diabetes, many trials have been conducted since the 19th century until now. In ancient times, insulin from an animal's extract was taken to treat human beings.

Rapid and Synchronous Breeding of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile and Maintainer Line Through Mitochondrial DNA Rearrangement Using Doubled Haploid Inducer in .

When homozygously fertile plants were induced using doubled haploid (DH) induction lines Y3380 and Y3560, the morphology of the induced F generation was basically consistent with the female parent, but the fertility was separated, showing characteristics similar to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and maintainer lines. In this study, the morphology, fertility, ploidy, and cytoplasm genotype of the induced progeny were identified, and the results showed that the sterile progeny was cytoplasm sterile ( CMS) and the fertile progeny was cytoplasm. The molecular marker and test-cross experimental results showed that the fertile progeny did not carry the restorer gene of CMS and the genetic distance between the female parent and the offspring was 0.

Disruption of / Represses Starch Metabolism and Confers Enhanced Blast Resistance in Rice.

Catalases (CATs) are important self-originating enzymes and are involved in many of the biological functions of plants. Multiple forms of CATs suggest their versatile role in lesion mimic mutants (LMMs), H2O2 homeostasis and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. In the current study, we identified a large lesion mimic mutant9428 (llm9428) from Ethyl-methane-sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized population.

Salicylate and glutamate mediate different Cd accumulation and tolerance between Brassica napus and B. juncea.

Most hyperaccumulator plants have little economic values, and therefore have not been widely used in Cd-contaminated soils. Rape species are Cd hyperaccumulators with high economic values. Black mustard seed (Brassica juncea) has a higher accumulation ability and a higher tolerance for Cd than oilseed rape (Brassica napus), but its biomass is relatively low and its geographical distribution is limited.

Genetic characteristics and ploidy trigger the high inducibility of double haploid (DH) inducer in Brassica napus.

Background: Our recently reported doubled haploid (DH) induction lines e.g., Y3380 and Y3560 are allo-octoploid (AAAACCCC, 2n = 8× ≈ 76), which can induce the maternal parent to produce DH individuals.

A homologous gene of OsREL2/ASP1, ASP-LSL regulates pleiotropic phenotype including long sterile lemma in rice.

Background: Panicle is a harvesting organ of rice, and its morphology and development are closely associated with grain yield. The current study was carried on a mutant screened through an EMS (ethyl-methane sulphonate) mutagenized population of a Japonica cultivar Kitaake (WT).

Results: A mutant, named as asp-lsl (aberrant spikelet-long sterile lemma), showed a significant decrease in plant height, number of tillers, thousand-grains weight, seed setting rate, spikelet length, kernel length and effective number of grains per panicle as compared to WT.

Maternal karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype affect the induction efficiency of doubled haploid inducer in Brassica napus.

Background: Artificial synthesis of octoploid rapeseed double haploid (DH) induction lines Y3380 and Y3560 was made possible by interspecific hybridization and genome doubling techniques. Production of pure lines by DH induction provides a new way to achieve homozygosity earlier in B.napus.

Dual function of clock component OsLHY sets critical day length for photoperiodic flowering in rice.

Circadian clock, an endogenous time-setting mechanism, allows plants to adapt to unstable photoperiod conditions and induces flowering with proper timing. In Arabidopsis, the central clock oscillator was formed by a series of interlocked transcriptional feedback loops, but little is known in rice so far. By MutMap technique, we identified the candidate gene OsLHY from a later flowering mutant lem1 and further confirmed it through genetic complementation, RNA interference knockdown, and CRISPR/Cas9-knockout.

and Its Homolog, , Control Grain Size in Rice.

Vacuolar invertase is involved in sugar metabolism and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, thus regulating seed size. However, information linking vacuolar invertase and seed size in rice is limited. Here we characterized a small grain mutant (grain size on chromosome 2) that showed a reduced in grain size and 1000-grain weight compared to the wild type.

The false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens requires rice stamens for false smut ball formation.

Rice false smut has emerged as a serious grain disease in rice production worldwide. The disease is characterized by the transformation of individual rice florets into false smut balls, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens. To date, little is known about the host factors required for false smut ball formation by U.

Two-factor ANOVA of SSH and RNA-seq analysis reveal development-associated Pi-starvation genes in oilseed rape.

The 5-leaf-stage rape seedlings were more insensitive to Pi starvation than that of the 3-leaf-stage plants, which may be attributed to the higher expression levels of ethylene signaling and sugar-metabolism genes in more mature seedlings. Traditional suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and RNA-Seq usually screen out thousands of differentially expressed genes. However, identification of the most important regulators has not been performed to date.

Transcriptome and Proteome Profiling of Different Colored Rice Reveals Physiological Dynamics Involved in the Flavonoid Pathway.

Black and red rice are rich in both anthocyanin and proanthocyanin content, which belong to a large class of flavonoids derived from a group of phenolic secondary metabolites. However, the molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway are far from clear. Therefore, this study was undertaken to gain insight into physiological factors that are involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in rice cultivars with red, black, and white colors.