Exploring dynamic public trust in mega infrastructure projects during online public opinion crises of extreme climate emergencies: Users' behaviors, trust dimensions, and effectiveness of strategies.

The vulnerability of mega infrastructure projects (MIPs) has generated online public opinion crises, leading to public trust damage. However, few studies focused on the online dynamic trust of MIPs in such crises from the perspective of multiple users. Based on situational crisis communication theory, this study aims to explore the dynamic public trust in MIPs during online public opinion crises of extreme climate emergencies.

[Effects of Straw Returning with Lime on SOC and Carbon Pool Management in Acidic Paddy Soil].

Soil acidification and low SOC are the main limiting factors in acidic paddy soils. Straw returning with lime is an effective measure to alleviate soil acidification and improve soil fertility; however, its interaction effects on SOC and carbon pool management are still unclear. To investigate the impact of straw returning with lime on the organic carbon pool of acidic paddy soil, field experiments were conducted on acidic paddy soil in Baiyun District and Huiyang District of Guangdong Province.

[Effects of Early Rice Straw Returning with Reducing Potassium Fertilizer on Late Rice Yield and Soil Fertility].

Rice straw is an important organic fertilizer in the region for double-cropping rice in South China. To reveal the effects of early rice returning with reducing potassium fertilizer on the yield of late rice and soil fertility, field experiments were carried out in Baiyun and Huiyang district in Guangdong province. The biomass, K content, and yield of late rice and the soil fertility properties, such as soil available potassium, soil organic carbon, bacterial diversity, and bacterial community structure were analyzed under three treatments (CK, conventional fertilization; RS, straw returning with conventional fertilization; RS-K, straw returning with reducing 20% potassium fertilizer).

Pre-sowing seed treatment with kinetin and calcium mitigates salt induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of choysum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis).

In recent years, improving plants' resistance towards abiotic stresses with exogenous application of plant growth regulators and nutrients has emerged as a matter of great interest. The present study assessed the potential roles of kinetin (Kn, 0.2 mM) and calcium (Ca, 2 mM) in mitigating the salt (200 mM NaCl) induced inhibitory effects on seed germination and growth of choysum seedlings.

Jasmonic acid-mediated enhanced regulation of oxidative, glyoxalase defense system and reduced chromium uptake contributes to alleviation of chromium (VI) toxicity in choysum (Brassica parachinensis L.).

The cultivation of leafy vegetables on metal contaminated soil embodies a serious threat to yield and quality. In the present study, the potential role of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA; 0, 5, 10, and 20 µM) on mitigating chromium toxicity (Cr; 0, 150, and 300 µM) was investigated in choysum (Brassica parachinensis L.).

Comparative effectiveness of Se translocation between low-Se and high-Se rice cultivars under Se fertilization.

The production of natural selenium (Se)-rich food by using a high-Se crop cultivar is beneficial to human health and environmental safety; however, the underlying mechanism of different Se-accumulation ability between high- and low-Se rice cultivars remains unclear. A low-grain-Se cultivar and high-grain-Se cultivar of rice were used as test materials, and two levels of Se (0 and 0.5 mg kg) were arranged in a randomized design containing twelve replicates.

Modulation of growth performance and coordinated induction of ascorbate-glutathione and methylglyoxal detoxification systems by salicylic acid mitigates salt toxicity in choysum (Brassica parachinensis L.).

Salinity represents a serious environmental threat to crop production and by extension, to world food supply, social and economic prosperity of the developing world. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous plant signal molecule involved in regulating various plant responses to stress. In the present study, we characterized the regulatory role of exogenous SA for their ability to ameliorate deleterious effects of salt stress (0, 100, 150, 200 mM NaCl) in choysum plants through coordinated induction of antioxidants, ascorbate glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, and the glyoxalase enzymes.

Effects of sulphur and Thiobacillus thioparus 1904 on nitrogen cycle genes during chicken manure aerobic composting.

Severe nitrogen (N) loss is a barrier for composting treatment. Since N transformation during composting is closely related to nitrogen loss, the impacts of adding sulphur and Thiobacillus thioparus 1904 to N transformation during composting were investigated in this work. Physicochemical properties and the expression of genes encoding N-related proteins were analysed to evaluate microbiological processes associated with N dynamics.

Effect of Thiobacillus thioparus 1904 and sulphur addition on odour emission during aerobic composting.

The effects of sulphur and Thiobacillus thioparus 1904 on odour emissions during composting were studied. Results indicated that the sulphur addition reduced the pH and decreased cumulative emission of ammonia and the nitrogen loss by 47.80% and 44.

Fungi diversity from different depths and times in chicken manure waste static aerobic composting.

The Dirichlet multinomial mixtures mode was used to analyse illumina sequencing data to reveal both temporal and spatial variations of the fungi community present in the aerobic composting. Results showed that 670 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, and the dominant phylum was Ascomycota. There were four types of samples fungi communities during the composting process.

[Adsorption-desorption Characteristics of Fermented Rice Husk for Ferrous and Sulfur Ions].

To understand the potential of rice husk to fix Fe2+ and S2- ions, the sorption of Fe2+ and S2- by fermented rice husk was studied by using batch incubation experiments in the present study. The effects of adsorption time, Fe2+ and S2- concentration, pH, the temperature and ionic strength in adsorption reaction solution on the sorption were investigated. Therefore, the stability of Fe2+ and S2- adsorbed by fermented rice husk was further validated by desorption experiments performed under similar conditions as adsorption.

Effects of supplementary composts on microbial communities and rice productivity in cold water paddy fields.

Cold water paddy field soils are relatively unproductive, but can be ameliorated by supplementing with inorganic fertilizer from animal waste-based composts. The yield of two rice cultivars was significantly raised by providing either chicken manure or cow dung-based compost. The application of these composts raised the soil pH as well as both the total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content, which improved the soil's fertility and raised its nitrification potential.

[Wastewater pollution characteristics from typical intensive pig farms in the Pearl River Delta and its ecological risk assessment].

Based on the wastewater quality investigation data from March 2009 to November 2011, wastewater qualities from typical intensive pig farms were assessed in the Pearl River Delta by single and comprehensive pollution index model. The results showed that key pollutants of piggery wastewater were fecal coliform (FC), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), with their average mass concentrations of 1.98 x 10(9) CFU.

[Screening and identification of hemicellulose degrading microorganisms in acid soil].

Objective: The aim of this study was to screen hemicellulose degrading microorganisms.

Methods: The methods used to screen the effective strains included hydrolysis spot diameter measurement of hemicellulose plate and extracellular enzyme activity. The methods used to identify the strains included culture characteristics, morphological, physiological-biochemical characteristics and molecular biological methods.

[Screening of two straw-cellulose degrading actinomycetes].

Objective: The aim of this study was to screen microorganisms that could degrade rice straw.

Methods: We used selective medium to screen strains and determined straw fracture tension strength, weight loss, lignocellulose decomposition rate and extracellular enzyme activity as re-screening methods after 10 days shake flask culture.

Results: We isolated two antinomycetes (A3 and A6), the highest cellulose enzyme activity of holoenzyme, beta3-Glucosidase, endonuclease and exonclease for A3 were 12.

Evolution of microbial community diversity and enzymatic activity during composting.

The composting of organic material is dependent on microbial activity. However, the dynamics of the microbial community during the composting process remain obscure. Here, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA amplicons in a chicken manure-based compost was applied to characterize the components of the microbial community during the composting process.

The addition of modified attapulgite reduces the emission of nitrous oxide and ammonia from aerobically composted chicken manure.

Unlabelled: The acceleration of the composting process and the improvement of compost quality have been explored by evaluating the efficacy of various additives, inoculating with specific microorganisms and the application of various biosurfactants. The magnesium-aluminum silicate attapulgite is a low-cost potential composting additive, but its effects on aerobic composting are unknown. This study investigated the effects of attapulgite application on compost production and quality during the aerobic composting of chicken manure.

Improved composting of poultry feces via supplementation with ammonia oxidizing archaea.

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) play an important role in the oxidation of ammonia. However, the participation of AOA in the composting process has not been established. The addition of AOA to a compost mix was able to speed up both the onset of the hyperthermic phase and the composting time.

Preparation of a modified flue gas desulphurization residue and its effect on pot sorghum growth and acidic soil amelioration.

A modified flue gas desulphurization residue (MFGDR) was prepared and its effects on sorghum growth and acidic soil amelioration were evaluated in this paper. The MFGDR was prepared by calcining a mixture of dry/semi-dry flue gas desulphurization (FGD) residue from a coal-fired power plant, sorted potash feldspar and/or limestone powder. The available nutrients from the MFGDR were determined with 4.

Effects of sulphur and Thiobacillus thioparus on cow manure aerobic composting.

A simulated aerobic composting experiment was used to explore the effects of sulphur and Thiobacillus thioparus during six manure composting treatments. The addition of sulphur led to a decrease of the pH level within the range 6-6.3, which was lower than the control treatment (CK).

Effects of alkyl polyglycoside (APG) on composting of agricultural wastes.

Composting is the biological degradation and transformation of organic materials under controlled conditions to promote aerobic decomposition. To find effective ways to accelerate composting and improve compost quality, numerous methods including additive addition, inoculation of microorganisms, and the use of biosurfactants have been explored. Studies have shown that biosurfactant addition provides more favorable conditions for microorganism growth, thereby accelerating the composting process.

[Effects of microbial agent inoculation on bacterial community diversity in the process of pig manure composting].

PCR-DGGE method was adopted to study the effects of inoculating exogenous microbial agent on the bacterial community diversity in the process of fresh pig manure high-temperature aerobic composting. Exogenous microbial agent inoculation promoted the composting process, with the high-temperature period being advanced by 2 days than that of non-inoculation. DGGE pattern analysis showed that during composting, the dominant bacteria changed significantly, with the Shannon-Wiener index of bacterial community at different composting periods varied obviously.

[Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers on the growth and nutrient use efficiency of pepper].

Pot trails were conducted from 2003 to 2005 to study the effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers on the growth and nutrient use efficiency of pepper. The results indicated that in comparison with conventional splitting fertilization (T1), basal application of polymer-coated controlled release fertilizer (T2) enhanced the single fruit mass and vitamin C concentration, improved the root activity, and increased the fruit yield by 8.4%, but no significant effect was observed on the dissoluble sugar concentration in fruit.

Optical analysis of a liquid-crystal switch system based on total internal reflection.

A complete methodology using matrix representations for describing light transmission and reflection at an interface between an isotropic medium with high refractive index and a uniaxial birefringent material where total internal reflection (TIR) could happen is described systematically. A new TIR-based liquid-crystal (LC) switch system is proposed and investigated in detail by using this analyzing method. The criteria of selection of critical parameters such as LC mixture, waveguide, and operation mode of the LC layer, etc.

Fast and high-contrast liquid-crystal shutters with low power consumption based on an optical-mode-interference cell.

Three electro-optical modes of nematic liquid crystal (LC) were investigated as applications for LC shutters: the waveguide mode (TN), optical mode interference (OMI), and supertwist nematic (STN). The characteristics of the three modes under dynamic driving were simulated by solving the Ericksen-Leslie hydrodynamic equations numerically. Prototypes of the three types of LC were fabricated for verification.