Honey bees and bumble bees react differently to nitrogen-induced increases in floral resources.

Atmospheric and soil nitrogen levels are increasing across the world. Nitrogen addition can alter vegetative and flower traits, including flowering phenology, floral production, and flower morphology, and the quantity and quality of floral rewards such as nectar. However, it is not well understood if and how these changes in floral traits will affect foraging preferences and pollination by different pollinator species.

Nitrogen Addition Affects Interannual Variation in Seed Production in a Tibetan Perennial Herb.

The variability observed in the annual seed production of perennial plants can be seen as an indication of changes in the allocation of resources between growth and reproduction, which can be attributed to fluctuations in the environment. However, a significant knowledge gap exists concerning the impacts of nitrogen addition on the interannual seed production patterns of perennial plants. We hypothesized that the addition of nitrogen would impact the annual variations in the seed production of perennial plants, ultimately affecting their overall reproductive efficiency.