A Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Two-Part Study in Healthy Adult Volunteers to Evaluate the Bioavailability of the Maribavir Powder for Oral Suspension, as Well as Food Effect and Impact of Rabeprazole.

The relative bioavailability and impact of food and the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of a maribavir powder-for-oral-suspension formulation was investigated in a Phase 1 open-label study in healthy adult volunteers. A single 200-mg maribavir dose was administered as the commercial tablet (Treatment A), powder formulation (Treatment B), or powder formulation with a high-fat/high-calorie meal (Treatment C) in Part 1, and as the powder formulation alone (Treatment D) or following administration of rabeprazole 20 mg once daily for 5 days (Treatment E) in Part 2. Maribavir maximum plasma concentration following Treatment B was 18% lower versus Treatment A, whereas the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration or infinity were similar.

PAHs as environmental pollutants and their neurotoxic effects.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are widely present in incompletely combusted air particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), tobacco and other organic materials, can enter the human body through various routes and are a class of environmental pollutants with neurotoxic effects.

Effect of Food, Crushing of Tablets, and Antacid Coadministration on Maribavir Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adult Participants: Results From 2 Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Studies.

The effect of food composition, tablet crushing, and antacid coadministration on maribavir pharmacokinetics was assessed in 2 Phase 1 studies in healthy adults. In the first, a single maribavir 400-mg dose was administered under fasting conditions, with a low-fat/low-calorie or a high-fat/high-calorie meal. In the second, a single maribavir 100-mg dose was administered under fasting conditions, as a crushed tablet, or as a whole tablet alone or with an antacid.

Dynamic changes of DNA methylation induced by benzo(a)pyrene in cancer.

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the earliest and most significant carcinogen among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been found in foods, tobacco smoke, and automobiles exhaust, etc. Exposure to BaP induced DNA damage directly, or oxidative stress-related damage, resulting in cell apoptosis and carcinogenesis in human respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc. Moreover, BaP triggered genome-wide epigenetic alterations by methylation, which might cause disturbances in regulation of gene expression, and thereby induced cancer.

Endothelial cell-derived exosomal circHIPK3 promotes the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by high glucose via the miR-106a-5p/Foxo1/Vcam1 pathway.

The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications. In high-glucose (HG) conditions, endothelial cells (ECs) act as the first barrier to damaging stimuli and trigger a multi-response, including EC and VSMC crosstalk. However, the crosstalk pathways between ECs and VSMCs under HG conditions remain unclear.

Effect of surgical versus medical therapy on estimated cardiovascular event risk among adolescents with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Better interventions are needed to mitigate the high lifetime risk for CVD in youth T2D.

Objective: To compare 30-year risk for CVD events in 2 cohorts of adolescents with T2D and severe obesity undergoing medical or surgical treatment of T2D.

Thirty-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events in Adolescents with Severe Obesity.

Objective: Quantifying risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among adolescents is difficult owing to the long latent period between risk factor development and disease outcomes. This study examined the 30-year CVD event risk among adolescents with severe obesity treated with and without metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), compared with youths with moderate obesity, overweight, or normal weight.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of five frequency-matched (age and diabetes status) groups were performed: normal weight (n = 247), overweight (n = 54), obesity (n = 131), severe obesity without MBS (n = 302), and severe obesity undergoing MBS (n = 215).

Effect of Surgical Versus Medical Therapy on Diabetic Kidney Disease Over 5 Years in Severely Obese Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To compare diabetic kidney disease (DKD) rates over 5 years of follow-up in two cohorts of severely obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) undergoing medical or surgical treatment for T2D.

Research Design And Methods: A secondary analysis was performed of data collected from obese participants of similar age and racial distribution enrolled in the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) and the Treatment Options of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) studies. Teen-LABS participants underwent metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS).

Fabrication of Large Single Crystals for Platinum-Based Linear Polymers with Controlled-Release and Photoactuator Performance.

Preparation of large single crystals of linear polymers for X-ray analysis is very challenging. Herein, we employ a coordination-driven self-assembly strategy to secure the appropriate head-to-tail alignment of anthracene moieties, and for the first time obtained large-sized Pt-based linear polymer crystals through a [4+4] cycloaddition of anthracene in a single-crystal to single-crystal fashion. Using X-ray diffraction to determine the polymer crystal structure, we found that both the polymerisation and depolymerisation steps proceed via a stable intermediate.

Timing of Advanced Airway Placement after Witnessed Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Advanced airways (endotracheal tubes, supraglottic airways) are frequently placed by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, if an airway is to be placed, it is unknown whether this should occur early or late in the sequence of resuscitation events. This study evaluated the association between the timing of airway placement and the minute-to-minute probability of achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Photomechanical Organic Crystals as Smart Materials for Advanced Applications.

Photomechanical molecular crystals are receiving much attention due to their efficient conversion of light into mechanical work and advantages including faster response time; higher Young's modulus; and ordered structure, as measured by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Recently, various photomechanical crystals with different motions (contraction, expansion, bending, fragmentation, hopping, curling, and twisting) are appearing at the forefront of smart materials research. The photomechanical motions of these single crystals during irradiation are triggered by solid-state photochemical reactions and accompanied by phase transformation.

Speech Situation Checklist-Revised: Investigation With Adults Who Do Not Stutter and Treatment-Seeking Adults Who Stutter.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Speech Situation Checklist for adults who stutter (SSC) in differentiating people who stutter (PWS) from speakers with no stutter based on self-reports of anxiety and speech disruption in communicative settings. The SSC's psychometric properties were examined, norms were established, and suggestions for treatment were formulated.

Method: The SSC was administered to 88 PWS seeking treatment and 209 speakers with no stutter between the ages of 18 and 62.

Estimating the Net Career Income of a Geriatrician and a Nurse Practitioner: Still Want to Be a Doctor?

Objectives: With a continual shortage of geriatricians, adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioners have assumed a greater role in the delivery of outpatient care for older adults. Given the long duration of physician training, the high cost of medical school, and the lower salaries compared with subspecialists, the financial advantage of a career as a geriatrician as opposed to a nurse practitioner is uncertain. This study compares the estimated career earnings of a geriatrician and an adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioner.

Identifying the readiness of patients in implementing telemedicine in northern Louisiana for an oncology practice.

This study identified the readiness factors that may create challenges in the use of telemedicine among patients in northern Louisiana with cancer. To identify these readiness factors, the team of investigators developed 19 survey questions that were provided to the patients or to their caregivers. The team collected responses from 147 respondents from rural and urban residential backgrounds.

Copper-catalyzed alkyne-aryne and alkyne-alkene-aryne coupling reactions.

The efficient copper-catalyzed two-component coupling reaction of alkynes with arynes and the three-component coupling reaction of alkynes with allylic chlorides and arynes have been developed. Copper acetylide was postulated as a transient intermediate for the initiation of the coupling reactions.

Synthesis of indolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines from palladium-catalyzed reactions of arynes.

A novel convenient approach for the construction of indolo[1,2-f]phenanthridine was developed from the reaction of arynes with 1-(2-bromophenyl)-1H-indole in the presence of palladium catalyst.