Differential proteome response to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses infection in duck.

Ducks and wild aquatic birds are the natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses. However, the host proteome response that causes disease by the H5N1 HPAI virus is still unclear. This study presented a comprehensive analysis of the proteome response in Muscovy duck lung tissue during 3 days of infection with either a highly virulent DK383 or an avirulent DK212.

Coimmunization with recombinant epitope-expressing baculovirus enhances protective effects of inactivated H5N1 vaccine against heterologous virus.

H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), poses a significant threat to poultry and human health. However, currently available inactivated influenza vaccines are less efficacious against viruses that display antigenic drift. In this study, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus (BV-HMNN) expressing four conserved antigen epitopes: H5N1 hemagglutinin stem area amino acids 76-130 (HA2 76-130); three tandem repeats from the ectodomain of the conserved influenza matrix protein M2 (3M2e); nucleoprotein amino acids 55-69 (NP55-69); and nucleoprotein amino acids 380-393 (NP380-393).