Roles of extended human papillomavirus genotyping and multiple infections in early detection of cervical precancer and cancer and HPV vaccination.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping particularly vaccine genotypes and multiple infections for cervical precancer and cancer, which might contribute to developing genotype-specific screening strategy and assessing potential effects of HPV vaccine.

Methods: The HPV genotypes were identified using the Seq HPV assay on self-collected samples. Hierarchical ranking of each genotype was performed according to positive predictive value (PPV) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 or worse (CIN2+/CIN3+).

Triaging HPV-positive, cytology-negative cervical cancer screening results with extended HPV genotyping and p16 immunostaining in China.

Background: Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is a feasible option to improve the cervical screening coverage. However, an ideal triage method for HPV-positive self-samples does not yet exist. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of HPV genotyping and p16 immunostaining (p16) in triaging HPV-positive self-samples, focusing on HPV-positive, cytology-negative (HPCN) women.

Evaluating the Performance of p16 Immunocytochemistry in Cervical Cancer Screening.

Purpose: When used for cervical cancer primary screening, liquid-based cytology (LBC) has a high specificity but a low sensitivity. For histological diagnosis of high-grade lesions, p16 immunostaining has proven to be useful. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the use of p16 immuno-cytology as a primary screen and a secondary screen after primary high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) screening or LBC screening.

Primary Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of Bone with Robust Cell Cycle Progression and High Expression of SPARC: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Epithelioid angiosarcoma of bone is a rare entity. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), or osteonectin, is a secreted glycoprotein that has been implicated in tumorigenesis. We report a case of epithelioid angiosarcoma involving the long bones of the lower extremity showing diffuse and strong expression for SPARC immunohistochemistry in tumor cells.

Elevated HERV-K mRNA expression in PBMC is associated with a prostate cancer diagnosis particularly in older men and smokers.

Aberrant expression of subgroup k human endogenous retroviruses (HERV-K) has been observed in prostate cancer. This subgroup is unique because it encodes sequences in the human genome containing open reading frames for near intact retroviruses. We hypothesized that HERV-K reactivation could serve as a non-invasive early disease detection marker for prostate cancer.

Immunotherapeutic potential of anti-human endogenous retrovirus-K envelope protein antibodies in targeting breast tumors.

Background: The envelope (env) protein of the human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) family is commonly expressed on the surface of breast cancer cells. We assessed whether HERV-K env is a potential target for antibody-based immunotherapy of breast cancer.

Methods: We examined the expression of HERV-K env protein in various malignant (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-453, T47D, and ZR-75-1) and nonmalignant (MCF-10A and MCF-10AT) human breast cell lines by immunoblot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry.

Unusual case of small cell gastric carcinoma: case report and literature review.

Background: Small cell carcinomas are among the most aggressive, poorly differentiated, and highly malignant of the neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Of which, small cell gastric carcinoma is a rare small cell neuroendocrine tumor. The purpose of our study was to present this case and perform a comprehensive literature review.

Human endogenous retrovirus K triggers an antigen-specific immune response in breast cancer patients.

Recent evidence indicates that human cancer cells reactivate the expression of latent human endogenous retroviral (HERV) proteins. However, the extent to which cancer patients mount de novo immune responses against expressed HERV elements is unclear. In this study, we determined the extent of HERV-K env expression in human breast cancer (BC) and whether both humoral and cell-mediated immunity against HERV-K can be found in BC patients.

Inclusion of MUC1 (Ma695) in a panel of immunohistochemical markers is useful for distinguishing between endocervical and endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Background: Distinguishing endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) from endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma (EMMA) is clinically significant in view of the differences in their management and prognosis. In this study, we used a panel of tumor markers to determine their ability to distinguish between primary endocervical adenocarcinoma and primary endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to MUC1 (Ma695), p16, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vimentin, was performed to examine 32 cases, including 18 EMMAs and 14 ECAs.