Exogenous melatonin improves drought stress tolerance via regulating tryptophan metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in wheat.

Melatonin (MT) serves an indispensable function in plant development and their response to abiotic stress. Although numerous drought-tolerance genes have been ascertained in wheat, further investigation into the molecular pathways controlling drought stress tolerance remains necessary. In this investigation, it was observed that MT treatment markedly enhanced drought resistance in wheat by diminishing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and augmenting the activity of antioxidant enzymes POD, APX, and CAT compared to untreated control plants.

Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of TKL_CTR1-DRK-2 gene family and functional characterization reveals that TaCTR1 positively regulates flowering time in wheat.

Background: Flowering time has an important effect on regional adaptation and yields for crops. The tyrosine kinase-like (TKL) gene family is widely existed and participates in many biological processes in plants. Furthermore, only few TKLs have been characterized functions in controlling flowering time in wheat.

Fhb7-GST catalyzed glutathionylation effectively detoxifies the trichothecene family.

Trichothecene (TCN) contamination in food and feed is a serious challenge due to the negative health and economic impacts. Here, we confirmed that the glutathione S-transferase (GST) Fhb7-GST could broadly catalyze type A, type B and type D TCNs into glutathione epoxide adducts (TCN-13-GSHs). To evaluate the toxicity of TCN-13-GSH adducts, we performed cell proliferation assays in vitro, which demonstrated decreased cytotoxicity of the adducts.

Evolution and natural selection of ribosome-inactivating proteins in bacteria, fungi, and plants.

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are found in bacteria, fungi, and plants, with a wide range of biological resistances such as anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-insect, and anti-tumor. They can be roughly divided into proactive defense bacterial or fungal types and passive defense plant types. We identified 1592 RIP genes in bacteria, fungi, and plants.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the key genes and pathways involved in drought stress response of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L) varieties.

Drought stress results in significant yield losses in wheat production. Although studies have reported a number of wheat drought tolerance genes, a deeper understanding of the tolerance mechanisms is required for improving wheat tolerance against drought stress. In this study, we found that "Deguo 2" exhibited higher tolerance to drought than "Truman".

Phylogeny of the plant receptor-like kinase (RLK) gene family and expression analysis of wheat RLK genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Background: The receptor-like kinase (RLK) gene families in plants contains a large number of members. They are membrane proteins with an extracellular receptor domain and participate in biotic and abiotic stress responses.

Results: In this study, we identified RLKs in 15 representative plant genomes, including wheat, and classified them into 64 subfamilies by using four types of phylogenetic trees and HMM models.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis and functional characterization reveals that the class III peroxidase gene regulates drought stress tolerance in transgenic wheat.

Drought is a major abiotic stress that reduces crop yields and quality worldwide. Although some genes involved in the response to drought stress have been identified, a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying wheat tolerance to drought is needed for the control of drought tolerance. Here, we evaluated the drought tolerance of 15 wheat cultivars and measured their physiological-biochemical parameters.

The Aux/IAA protein TaIAA15-1A confers drought tolerance in Brachypodium by regulating abscisic acid signal pathway.

Overexpression of the Aux/IAA protein TaIAA15-1A from wheat improves drought tolerance by regulating the ABA signalling pathway in transgenic Brachypodium. Drought is a major abiotic stress that causes severe crop yield loss. Aux/IAA genes have been shown to be involved in drought stress responses.

Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of AUX/IAA gene family in wheat identifies a novel gene TaIAA15-1A regulating flowering time by interacting with ARF.

Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait that has strong effects on crop yields. Auxin signaling pathway plays an important role in various development processes, such as flowering, grain development. However, no Aux/IAA gene had been reported to have functions involving in wheat flowering time.

The Black Necrotic Lesion Enhanced Resistance in Wheat.

Fusarium head blight, mainly incited by , is a devastating wheat disease worldwide. Diverse Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant sources have been reported, but the resistance mechanisms of these sources remain to be investigated. FHB-resistant wheat germplasm often shows black necrotic lesions (BNLs) around the infection sites.

QTL detection for bread wheat processing quality in a nested association mapping population of semi-wild and domesticated wheat varieties.

Background: Wheat processing quality is an important factor in evaluating overall wheat quality, and dough characteristics are important when assessing the processing quality of wheat. As a notable germplasm resource, semi-wild wheat has a key role in the study of wheat processing quality.

Results: In this study, four dough rheological characteristics were collected in four environments using a nested association mapping (NAM) population consisting of semi-wild and domesticated wheat varieties to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for wheat processing quality.

A member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, TaPRX-2A, enhanced the tolerance of salt stress.

Background: Salt and drought are the main abiotic stresses that restrict the yield of crops. Peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in various abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, only few wheat PRXs have been characterized in the mechanism of the abiotic stress response.

Integrated metabolo-transcriptomics and functional characterization reveals that the wheat auxin receptor TIR1 negatively regulates defense against Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Perch) results in large yield losses in annual global wheat production. Although studies have identified a number of wheat FHB resistance genes, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying host plant resistance to F.

Horizontal gene transfer of from fungus underlies head blight resistance in wheat.

head blight (FHB), a fungal disease caused by species that produce food toxins, currently devastates wheat production worldwide, yet few resistance resources have been discovered in wheat germplasm. Here, we cloned the FHB resistance gene by assembling the genome of , a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding. encodes a glutathione S-transferase (GST) and confers broad resistance to species by detoxifying trichothecenes through de-epoxidation.

Application of Brachypodium genotypes to the analysis of type II resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB).

The resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is mainly via the restrain of fungal expansion through spike rachis (type II resistance). In order to unravel the resistance mechanisms, Brachypodium distachyon 21 (Bd21), a monocotyledonous model plant, was previously proved to interact with F. graminearum, while the disease development in spike still needs to be explored in detail.

Cloning and characterization of a specific UDP-glycosyltransferase gene induced by DON and Fusarium graminearum.

TaUGT5: can reduce the proliferation and destruction of F. graminearum and enhance the ability of FHB resistance in wheat. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most important toxins produced by Fusarium species that enhances the spread of the pathogen in the host.

Genome-wide identification, classification, evolutionary analysis and gene expression patterns of the protein kinase gene family in wheat and Aegilops tauschii.

In this study we systematically identified and classified PKs in Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii. Domain distribution and exon-intron structure analyses of PKs were performed, and we found conserved exon-intron structures within the exon phases in the kinase domain. Collinearity events were determined, and we identified various T.