detection of reactive oxygen species spontaneously generated on lead acid battery anodes: a pathway for degradation and self-discharge at open circuit.

Prospects for refurbishing and recycling energy storage technologies such as lead acid batteries (LABs) prompt a better understanding of their failure mechanisms. LABs suffer from a high self-discharge rate accompanied by deleterious hard sulfation processes which dramatically decrease cyclability. Furthermore, the evolution of H, CO, and CO also poses safety risks.

In Situ Surface Fluorination of TiO Nanocrystals Reinforces Interface Binding of Perovskite Layer for Highly Efficient Solar Cells with Dramatically Enhanced Ultraviolet-Light Stability.

Low-temperature solution-processed TiO nanocrystals (LT-TiO) have been extensively applied as electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the low electron mobility, high density of electronic trap states, and considerable photocatalytic activity of TiO result in undesirable charge recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface and notorious instability of PSCs under ultraviolet (UV) light. Herein, LT-TiO nanocrystals are in situ fluorinated via a simple nonhydrolytic method, affording formation of Ti─F bonds, and consequently increase electron mobility, decrease density of electronic trap states, and inhibit photocatalytic activity.