Surface Speciation in Microwave-Assisted CO Oxidation over Perovskites─The Role of Water and Activation Pretreatment.

As a model for the energy-efficient aftertreatment of exhaust gas components, we studied microwave-assisted (MW) CO oxidation over a (La,Sr)CoO (LSC) perovskite oxide catalyst under dry and humidified conditions. We found that the use of a MW-based process can offer multiple advantages over traditional thermocatalysis in this scenario, as the nature of the MW-solid interaction offers quick, adaptive, and energy-efficient heating as well as improved yield and lower light-off temperatures. As found by combined CO and water MW-desorption experiments, the presence of technically relevant amounts of water leads to a competition for surface active sites and thus slows the reaction rate without indications for a fundamental change in the mechanism.

Inhibiting the Formation of Toxic HCN Induced by CH Coexistence and Enhancing CH Resistance of Cu-Zeolite in the NH-SCR Reaction.

The presence of light hydrocarbons (HCs) in diesel exhaust, specifically CH, significantly affects the performance of the state-of-the-art Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite NH-SCR catalysts. It also leads to the formation of highly toxic HCN, posing risks to the environment and human health. In this work, the highly toxic HCN formation is inhibited, and the CH resistance of Cu-SSZ-13 is improved by secondary metal modification doping with rare earth/transition metal elements.

Modulating the Microstructure and Surface Acidity of MnO by Doping-Induced Phase Transition for Simultaneous Removal of Toluene and NO at Low Temperature.

It is a great challenge to remove VOCs and NO simultaneously from flue gas in nonelectric industries. This study focuses on the construction of Fe-MnO catalysts that perform well in the simultaneous removal of toluene and NO at low temperatures. Utilizing the Fe-induced phase transition of MnO, Fe-MnO-F&R catalysts with a composite morphology of nanoflowers and nanorods were successfully prepared that provided an abundant microporous structure to facilitate the diffusion of molecules of different sizes.

Antitumor Activity of a Novel LAIR1 Antagonist in Combination with Anti-PD1 to Treat Collagen-Rich Solid Tumors.

We recently reported that resistance to PD-1 blockade in a refractory lung cancer-derived model involved increased collagen deposition and the collagen-binding inhibitory receptor leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1). Thus, we hypothesized that LAIR1 and collagen cooperated to suppress therapeutic response. In this study, we report that LAIR1 is associated with tumor stroma and is highly expressed by intratumoral myeloid cells in both human tumors and mouse models of cancer.

Low-temperature NH abatement via selective oxidation over a supported copper catalyst with high Cu abundance.

Selective catalytic NH-to-N oxidation (NH-SCO) is highly promising for abating NH emissions slipped from stationary flue gas after-treatment devices. Its practical application, however, is limited by the non-availability of low-cost catalysts with high activity and N selectivity. Here, using defect-rich nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT-AW) as the support, we developed a highly active and durable copper-based NH-SCO catalyst with a high abundance of cuprous (Cu) sites.

Spatial Distribution of Brønsted Acid Sites Determines the Mobility of Reactive Cu Ions in the Cu-SSZ-13 Catalyst during the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH.

The formation of dimer-Cu species, which serve as the active sites of the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH (NH-SCR), relies on the mobility of Cu species in the channels of the Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts. Herein, the key role of framework Brønsted acid sites in the mobility of reactive Cu ions was elucidated via a combination of density functional theory calculations, impedance spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. When the number of framework Al sites decreases, the Brønsted acid sites decrease, leading to a systematic increase in the diffusion barrier for [Cu(NH)] and less formation of highly reactive dimer-Cu species, which inhibits the low-temperature NH-SCR reactivity and vice versa.

AflaILVB/G/I and AflaILVD are involved in mycelial production, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and fungal virulence in .

Aflatoxins (AFs) are produced by fungi such as and and are one of the most toxic mycotoxins found in agricultural products and food. Aflatoxin contamination, which requires the control of , remains problematic because of the lack of effective strategies and the exploration of new compounds that can inhibit growth and mycotoxin production is urgently required to alleviate potential deleterious effects. Acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) and dihydroxy acid dehydratase are important enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including isoleucine, leucine, and valine.

Enhancement Effect Induced by the Second Metal to Promote Ozone Catalytic Oxidation of VOCs.

It is a promising research direction to develop catalysts with high stability and ozone utilization for low-temperature ozone catalytic oxidation of VOCs. While bimetallic catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity compared with conventional single noble metal catalysts, limited success has been achieved in the influence of the bimetallic effect on the stability and ozone utilization of metal catalysts. Herein, it is necessary to systematically study the enhancement effect in the ozone catalytic reaction induced by the second metal.

Efficient Atomically Dispersed Co/N-C Catalysts for Formic Acid Dehydrogenation and Transfer Hydrodeoxygenation of Vanillin.

Atomically dispersed catalysts have gained considerable attention due to their unique properties and high efficiency in various catalytic reactions. Herein, a series of Co/N-doped carbon (N-C) catalysts was prepared using a metal-lignin coordination strategy and employed in formic acid dehydrogenation (FAD) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vanillin. The atomically dispersed Co/N-C catalysts showed outstanding activity, acid resistance, and long-term stability in FAD.

ILT2 and ILT4 Drive Myeloid Suppression via Both Overlapping and Distinct Mechanisms.

Solid tumors are dense three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures that enable efficient receptor-ligand trans interactions via close cell-cell contact. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT4 are related immune-suppressive receptors that play a role in the inhibition of myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment. The relative contribution of ILT2 and ILT4 to immune inhibition in the context of solid tumor tissue has not been fully explored.

Mucosal vaccines for viral diseases: Status and prospects.

Virus-associated infectious diseases are highly detrimental to human health and animal husbandry. Among all countermeasures against infectious diseases, prophylactic vaccines, which developed through traditional or novel approaches, offer potential benefits. More recently, mucosal vaccines attract attention for their extraordinary characteristics compared to conventional parenteral vaccines, particularly for mucosal-related pathogens.

Process-specified emission factors and characteristics of VOCs from the auto-repair painting industry.

Daily use of passenger vehicles leads to considerable emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are key precursors to the ground-level ozone pollution. While evaporative and tailpipe emission of VOCs from the passenger vehicles can be eliminated largely, or even completely, by electrification, VOCs emission from the use of coatings in auto-repair is unavoidable and has long been ignored. Here, we present for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive investigation on the emission factors and process-specified characteristics of VOCs from auto-repair painting, based on field measurements over 15 representative auto-repair workshops in the Pearl-River-Delta area, China.

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Insights into the Effect of Sterigmatocystin on .

is an important fungus that produces aflatoxins, among which aflatoxin B (AFB) is the most toxic and contaminates food and poses a high risk to human health. AFB interacts with another mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (STC), which is also a precursor of AFB. Herein, we determined the effect of STC on AFB by evaluating transcriptomic and proteomic profiles in the presence or absence of STC by RNA-seq and isobaric tagging, respectively.

Advances of nanoparticle-mediated diagnostic and theranostic strategies for atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerotic plaque remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accurate assessment of the degree of atherosclerotic plaque is critical for predicting the risk of atherosclerotic plaque and monitoring the results after intervention. Compared with traditional technology, the imaging technologies of nanoparticles have distinct advantages and great development prospects in the identification and characterization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.

Infrared characterization of hydrated products of glyoxal in aqueous solution.

The simplest and most abundant dicarbonyl in the atmosphere, glyoxal ((CHO)), and its geminal diols via stepwise hydration reactions, monohydrate (CHOCH(OH)) and dihydrate ((HC(OH))), are proposed to be responsible for the generation of atmospheric acid and the increase in aerosol viscosity. In this work, the hydrates of glyoxal were prepared by dissolving glyoxal trimer dihydrate (CHO) in HO and DO and probed by infrared absorption spectrometry at varied temperatures. In glyoxal aqueous solution at a concentration of < 1 wt%, the monomeric dihydrate is predominant.

Long Non-Coding RNA AL928768.3 Promotes Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Proliferation, Invasion and Inflammation, While Inhibits Apoptosis Via Activating Lymphotoxin Beta Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Our previous study using RNA sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation identified a long non-coding RNA (lnc), lnc-AL928768.3, correlating with risk and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), then the present study was conducted to further investigate the interaction of lnc-AL928768.3 with lymphotoxin beta (LTB) and their impact on proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammation in RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS).

Copper Site Motion Promotes Catalytic NO Reduction under Zeolite Confinement.

Ammonia-mediated selective catalytic reduction (NH-SCR) is currently the key approach to abate nitrogen oxides (NO) emitted from heavy-duty lean-burn vehicles. The state-of-art NH-SCR catalysts, namely, copper ion-exchanged chabazite (Cu-CHA) zeolites, perform rather poorly at low temperatures (below 200 °C) and are thus incapable of eliminating effectively NO emissions under cold-start conditions. Here, we demonstrate a significant promotion of low-temperature NO reduction by reinforcing the dynamic motion of zeolite-confined Cu sites during NH-SCR.

Revealing the Formation and Reactivity of Cage-Confined Cu Pairs in Catalytic NO Reduction over Cu-SSZ-13 Zeolites by In Situ UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Time-Dependent DFT Calculation.

The low-temperature mechanism of chabazite-type small-pore Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite, a state-of-the-art catalyst for ammonia-assisted selective reduction (NH-SCR) of toxic NO pollutants from heavy-duty vehicles, remains a debate and needs to be clarified for further improvement of NH-SCR performance. In this study, we established experimental protocols to follow the dynamic redox cycling (., Cu ↔ Cu) of Cu sites in Cu-SSZ-13 during low-temperature NH-SCR catalysis by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy.

Effects of melittin on production performance, antioxidant function, immune function, heat shock protein, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota in heat-stressed quails.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of melittin on production performance, antioxidant function, immune function, heat shock protein, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of heat-stressed quails. A total of 120 (30-day-old) male quails were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group consisted of 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate.

Unlocking High-Efficiency Methane Oxidation with Bimetallic Pd-Ce Catalysts under Zeolite Confinement.

Catalytic complete oxidation is an efficient approach to reducing methane emissions, a significant contributor to global warming. This approach requires active catalysts that are highly resistant to sintering and water vapor. In this work, we demonstrate that Pd nanoparticles confined within silicalite-1 zeolites (Pd@S-1), fabricated using a facile in situ encapsulation strategy, are highly active and stable in catalyzing methane oxidation and are superior to those supported on the S-1 surface due to a confinement effect.

Facile and Scalable Mechanochemical Synthesis of Defective MoS with Ru Single Atoms Toward High-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution.

Designing a facile strategy to prepare catalysts with highly active sites are challenging for large-scale implementation of electrochemical hydrogen production. Herein, a straightforward and eco-friendly method by high-energy mechanochemical ball milling for mass production of atomic Ru dispersive in defective MoS catalysts (Ru @D-MoS ) is developed. It is found that single atomic Ru doping induces the generation of S vacancies, which can break the electronic neutrality around Ru atoms, leading to an asymmetrical distribution of electrons.

Sustainable total factor productivity of transport: considering safety issues and environmental impacts.

Economy, environment, and safety are three important components of sustainable transport. This paper proposes a productivity measurement standard that comprehensively considers economic growth, environmental impact, and safety issues, namely sustainable total factor productivity (STFP). We measure the growth rate of STFP in transport sector of OECD countries in terms of Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA).

Application of logistic regression, support vector machine and random forest on the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using macroalgae in treatment of certain risk factors associated with kidney injuries.

The use of titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles in many biological and technical domains is on the rise. There hasn't been much research on the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in biological systems, despite their ubiquitous usage. In the current investigation, samples were exposed to various dosages of TiO nanoparticles for 4 days, 1 month, and 2 months following treatment.