Rapidly spreading with OXA-48-like carbapenemases.

(mostly , ) with OXA-48-like carbapenemases (e.g., OXA-48, -181, -232, -244) are undermining the global efficiency of carbapenem therapy.

Molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gauteng South Africa.

Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk clones drive the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated infections, resulting in limited therapeutic options. This study described the genomic characteristics of K. pneumoniae MDR high-risk clones in Gauteng, South Africa.

A novel machine-learning aided platform for rapid detection of urine ESBLs and carbapenemases: URECA-LAMP.

Pathogenic gram-negative bacteria frequently carry genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemases. Of great concern are carbapenem resistant , , and . Despite the need for rapid AMR diagnostics globally, current molecular detection methods often require expensive equipment and trained personnel.

Klebsiella pneumoniae with carbapenemases: high prevalence of sequence type 307 with bla in South African community hospitals.

This study investigated the molecular characteristics of urinary carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (n = 194) in Gauteng, South Africa, using simple, cost-effective PCR methodologies. Extensively drug resistant (XDR) ST307 with bla on IncX3 plasmids was endemic in Gauteng community hospitals leaving limited options for treating in- and outpatient urinary tract infections. High-level ceftazidime/avibactam resistance was detected among isolates harbouring bla including bla.

Clinical validation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of sequence type complex 131.

Unlabelled: The dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) STc131 is related to its persistence in the human gastrointestinal tract as efficient gut colonizers. Infection and prevention measures are the cornerstones for preventing STc131 spread. Oral decolonization therapies that target ST131 are being developed.

Population-based genomic surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing bloodstream infections in a large Canadian health region.

Purpose: Population-based surveillance was undertaken to determine clinical factors, susceptibility patterns, and incidence rates (IR) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a Canadian region (2010-2018).

Methods: We combined clinical data with genomics to characterize P. aeruginosa (BSIs) (n = 167) in a well-defined Canadian (Calgary) human population over a 9-year period (2010-2018).

sequence type 410 with carbapenemases: a paradigm shift within toward multidrug resistance.

sequence type ST410 is an emerging carbapenemase-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk One-Health clone with the potential to significantly increase carbapenem resistance among . ST410 belongs to two clades (ST410-A and ST410-B) and three subclades (ST410-B1, ST410-B2, and ST410-B3). After a switch between clades ST410-A and ST410-B1, ST410-B2 and ST410-B3 subclades showed a stepwise progression toward developing MDR.

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated IncF plasmid curing in extraintestinal pathogenic .

Understanding the role of IncF plasmids in the success of drug-resistant bacteria has far-reaching implications for tackling antibiotic resistance. The study's use of a novel CRISPR-Cas9-mediated plasmid-curing system provides a precision tool for dissecting the specific impact of IncF plasmids on ExPEC clones, especially high-risk, multidrug-resistant strains like ST131, ST1193, and ST410. The study offers a crucial stepping stone for future research into understanding how these plasmids influence more complex aspects of bacterial behavior, such as cell invasion and fitness.

Molecular Epidemiology of Global Carbapenemase-Producing spp. (2015-2017).

The emergence of carbapenem resistance is a significant public health concern. The rate of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing spp., particularly C.

The contributions of multidrug resistant clones to the success of pandemic extra-intestinal Pathogenic .

Introduction: High-risk multidrug (MDR) clones have played essential roles in the global emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially among Extra-intestinal (ExPEC).

Areas Covered: Successful global ExPEC MDR clones are linked with the acquisition of fluoroquinolone resistance, CTX-M enzymes, and with carbapenemases. This article described the underlying mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance, the acquisition of CTX-M and carbapenemase genes among three global ExPEC high-risk MDR clones, namely i) ST1193 as being an example of a fluoroquinolone resistant clone.

Faecal carriage of ESBL producing and colistin resistant in avian species over a 2-year period (2017-2019) in Zimbabwe.

Introduction: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing have become widespread among food producing animals. These strains serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and act as a possible source of infection to humans as transmission can occur by direct or indirect contact.

Methods: This study investigated the faecal carriage of ESBL producing and colistin resistant in poultry over a 2-year period (2017-2019) from Zimbabwe.

Microbiological Characterization of Actinotignum schaalii Strains Causing Invasive Infections during a Multiyear Period in a Large Canadian Health Care Region.

Actinotignum schaalii is an underrecognized Gram-positive bacillus that is associated with urinary tract infections and cutaneous abscesses. The role of A. schaalii in invasive infections continues to be unappreciated because the bacteria can be isolated from a diverse spectrum of clinical specimens, ranging from being a single pathogen in urine and blood cultures to being deemed a colonizer in polymicrobial anaerobic cultures of sterile fluids and tissues.

Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147: and then there were three carbapenemases.

Gram-negative bacteria containing three different carbapenemases are extremely rare. Klebsiella pneumoniae (N22-925) with KPC-2, NDM-1, and OXA-48 was obtained from a Canadian patient with recent hospitalization in Romania. Short and long read whole genome sequencing showed that the bla was situated on a 214 kb IncFIB(K)/IncFII(K) plasmid, the bla on a 104 kb IncFIB (pQil)/IncFII(K) plasmid, and the bla on a 64 kb IncL plasmid.

Acquisition of genomic elements were pivotal for the success of Escherichia coli ST410.

Background: Escherichia coli ST410 is an emerging MDR clone linked to blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-181. Limited comprehensive data about the global distribution of ST410 clades and mobile genetic elements associated with different β-lactamases are available.

Methods: Short- and long-read WGS were performed on a collection of ST410 producing carbapenemases (n = 45) obtained from 11 countries.

Escherichia coli ST1193: Following in the Footsteps of E. coli ST131.

Escherichia coli ST1193 is an emerging global multidrug (MDR) high-risk clone and an important cause of community-onset urinary and bloodstream infections. ST1193 is imitating E. coli ST131, the most successful MDR clone of all time.

Escherichia coli sequence type 73 bloodstream infections in a centralized Canadian region and their association with companion animals: an ecological study.

Purpose: Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are important pathogens causing community-acquired infections in humans, including bloodstream infections (BSIs), and may also colonize and infect animals. Our aim was to investigate associations between incidence rates (IRs) of BSIs caused by ExPEC and number of dogs and cats in communities in Calgary.

Genomic Epidemiology of Global Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli, 2015-2017.

We describe the global molecular epidemiology of 229 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli in 36 countries during 2015-2017. Common carbapenemases were oxacillinase (OXA) 181 (23%), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) 5 (20%), OXA-48 (17%), Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase 2 (15%), and NDM-1 (10%). We identified 5 dominant sequence types (STs); 4 were global (ST410, ST131, ST167, and ST405), and 1 (ST1284) was limited to Turkey.

Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains over a 2-year period (2017-2019) from Zimbabwe.

This study was designed to characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (E.coli) (ExPEC) associated with urinary tract infections in nine different geographic regions of Zimbabwe over a 2-year period (2017-2019). A total of 48 ESBL-positive isolates from urine specimen were selected for whole-genome sequencing from 1246 Escherichia coli isolates biobanked at the National Microbiology Reference laboratory using phenotypic susceptibility testing results from the National Escherichia coli Surveillance Programme to provide representation of different geographical regions and year of isolation.

Population-based epidemiology of Escherichia coli ST1193 causing blood stream infections in a centralized Canadian region.

Escherichia coli ST1193 is an emerging global clone associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. A population-based study described genomics, clinical factors, susceptibility patterns, and incidence rates of ST1193 (n = 69) causing incident blood stream infections in a centralized Canadian region 2016-18. ST1193 was responsible for community-acquired upper urinary tract infections among the elderly.

Symmetrical activity of the chewing muscles and its relationship with skeletal class and body posture.

Objective: To describe the role of body posture and skeletal class in the symmetrical activity of chewing muscles.

Methods: Descriptive study with association. Skeletal class measured by the Steiner method.

Population-based surveillance of Enterobacter cloacae complex causing blood stream infections in a centralized Canadian region.

Active population-based surveillance determined clinical factors, susceptibility patterns, incidence rates (IR), and genomics among Enterobacter cloacae complex (n = 154) causing blood stream infections in a centralized Canadian region (2015-2017). The annual population IR was 1.2/100,000 (95% CI 0.

The importance of Escherichia coli clonal complex 10 and ST131 among Tanzanian patients on antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs.

The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of WHO priority 1 critical pathogen (extrapathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), sequence types (STs), and ST131 clades from patients in Tanzania so as to guide specific antimicrobial therapies and preventive measures. A total of 143 ExPEC strains (128 from pregnant women with urinary tract infections and 15 from children with blood stream infections) were collected between March 2016 and October 2017. These were characterized into ST-fimH clones by a 7-single nucleotide polymorphism quantitative polymerase chain reaction (7-SNP qPCR) and gene sequencing, and to ST131 clades by multiplex PCR.

First-line methadone for cancer pain: titration time analysis.

Background: Methadone is a low-cost, strong opioid that is increasingly used as a first-line treatment for pain in palliative care (PC). Its long and unpredictable half-life and slow elimination phase can make titration challenging. Evidence for titration modalities is scarce.

Spatial distribution of Escherichia coli ST131 C subclades in a centralized Canadian urban region.

Introduction: Escherichia coli ST131 is the most common multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli clone causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Calgary. This study describes patient characteristics and spatial distribution of ST131 subclades C1 and C2 causing BSIs in Calgary.